Ece Project

SECURITY SYSTEM USING RFID A PROJECT REPORT Submitted by ANISH ANTONY (080107117005) JISU JOHN ISAC (080107117039) KRISHNA PRABHA R(080107117055) KUNAL BHARDWAJ (080107117056) In partial fulfilment for the award of the degree of BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING in ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING PARK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TEKHNOLOGY, KANIYUR, COIMBATORE-641659. ANNA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY COIMBATORE 641 047 APRIL 2012 ANNA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY COIMBATORE-641047 BONAFIDE CERTIFICATECertified that this project report â€Å"SECURITY SYSTEM USING RFID† is the bonafide work of â€Å"ANISH ANTONY, JISU JOHN ISAC, KRISHNA PRABHA R, KUNAL BHARDWAJ† who carried out the project work under my supervision. SIGNATURESIGNATURE Mr. MARIA ANTONY M. E Mrs. K. MUTHULAKSHMI. M. E. (PhD) SUPERVISOR HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT Department of Electronics and Department of Electronics andCommunication Engineering, Communication Engineering, Park College of Engineering Park College of En gineering and Technology, and Technology, Coimbatore – 641659. Coimbatore – 641659. INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER CONTENTS CHAPTER TITLE PAGE NO ABSTRACT 1. INTRODUCTION 2. OBJECTIVE 3. SYSTEM ANALYSIS 3. 1 Existing System 3. Proposed System 4. SYSTEM SPECIFICATION 4. 1Hardware requirements 4. 2 Software requirements 5. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 5. 1 Software description 5. 2 Hardware description 6. BLOCK DIAGRAM 6. 1 block diagram description 7. MERITS 8. CONCLUSION 9. REFERENCES ABSTRACT RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) is the quintessential pervasive computing technology. The heart of the utility is that RFID makes gathering information about physical objects easy.Information about RFID tagged objects can be read through physical barriers, and from a distance. Our project utilized these RFID tags to improve the security system of a building by introducing a system that could read the RFID tagged smart cards that are placed in proximity to an antenna. Our project comes with option of finger print system, GSM system and camera system attached with the main RFID system. This help in making the security full proof and reduce the possibility of breaches. RFID devices have three primary elements: a chip, an antenna, and a reader.A fourth important part of any RFID system is the database where information about tagged smart card is stored. For wireless data transmission and networking between sensor nodes, the project uses ZigBee modules. The modules require minimal power and provide reliable delivery of data between devices with efficient security measures. This project is implemented in real time system. INTRODUCTION The major problem faced by organizations in security breach is related with doors without proper security system on them for their protection. Our project is going to solve these problems by using RFID technology.For wireless data transmission between tag and sensor nodes, the project uses ZigBee modules. Radio Frequency Identifica tion (RFID) is an automatic identification method, relying on storing and remotely retrieving data using devices called RFID tags or transponders. So the RFID is a wireless identification. Normally the RFID system comprises of two main parts: RFID Reader and RFID Tag. RFID Reader is an integrated or passive network which is used to interrogate information from RFID tag (contains antennas to enable them to receive and respond to radiofrequency queries from an RFID transceiver).The RFID Reader may consist of antenna, filters, modulator, demodulator, coupler and a micro processor. We try to enhance the security up to a very effective level so that there are minimum possibilities in the security breach. For this purpose we are introducing a multilevel security system which consists of finger print impression, camera and GSM module along with RFID system. The system also creates a log containing check-in and check-out of each user along with basic information of user. OBJECTIVEThe aim of the project is to design a system that have a small coverage area and can be use for authentication or identification purposes. â€Å"Security System Using RFID† is a system that uses RFID technology to maintain the security of the different rooms in same structure which can be monitored on real-time bases using the Database server (PC). This system prevents unauthorized entry in rooms. For this purpose we are introducing a multilevel security system which consists of finger print impression, camera and GSM module along with RFID system. This ensures the reliability of the system and makes it difficult to breach.SYSTEM ANALYSIS EXISTING SYSTEM In the existing system, Information is sent to and read from RFID tags by a reader using radio waves. In passive systems, which are the most common, an RFID reader transmits an energy field that â€Å"wakes up† the tag and provides the power for the tag to respond to the reader. Data collected from tags is then passed through co mmunication interfaces (cable or wireless) to host computer systems in the same manner that data scanned from bar code labels is captured and passed to computer systems for interpretation, storage, and action.The drawback in this system is the lack of security option available for the user. One can easily use others RFID tag to gain access in the desired place without their prior knowledge. This breach cannot be easily accounted as there is no record other then the RFID tag used which can mislead to undesirable situation. PROPOSED SYSTEM This system is of new kind in which finger print recognition system along with GSM and camera is newly added. In this system RFID along with ZigBee, microcontroller, biometric system, GSM, amplifier circuit, power supply, camera and database server (PC) is used.Different circuits work together to form an unreachable system so that the security can be enhanced to the maximum level possible. When RFID tag is sensed by the RFID receiver and finger prin t impression is given, the camera is activated which clicks the image of the user trying to access the system. This information is stored in the database along with time and date when the system was accessed and the GSM technology used in the system make sure that the concerned authority is notified about the activation of the system along with result. SYSTEM SPECIFICATION HARDWARE REQUIREMENTSMODULESCOMPONENTNAME OF THE IC Power supplyVoltage RegulatorsLM7805, L7812, MC7912 Miscellaneous componentRS23225 PIN PORT CameraUSB Type Biometric scanner Optical Processing unitPIC ControllerPIC16F877A Data TransmissionDual Driver/ReceiverMAX 232 RFID Zigbee TransceiverX-BEE GSM Modem- SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS Visual basics 6. 0 (Front end Design) Mikro basic SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION Visual Basic (VB) is the third-generation event-driven programming language and integrated development environment (IDE) from Microsoft for its COM programming model. Visual Basic is relatively easy to learn and use.Vi sual Basic was derived from BASIC and enables the rapid application development (RAD) of graphical user interface (GUI) applications, access to databases using Data Access Objects, Remote Data Objects, or ActiveX Data Objects, and creation of ActiveX controls and objects. Scripting languages such as VBA and VBScript are syntactically similar to Visual Basic, but perform differently. A programmer can put together an application using the components provided with Visual Basic itself. Programs written in Visual Basic can also use the Windows API, but doing so requires external function declarations.Visual basic is used to provide a simple interface about the program between user and system software. This is also used for storing the data and act as database for the system. MIKRO BASIC MikroBasic is a powerful, feature rich development tool for PIC microcontrollers. It is designed to provide the customer with the easiest possible solution for developing applications for embedded systems , without compromising performance or control. Highly advanced IDE, broad set of hardware libraries, comprehensive documentation, and plenty of ready to run example programs should be more than enough to get you started in programming microcontrollers.FEATURES MikroBasic allows you to quickly develop and deploy complex applications: †¢Write your BASIC source code using the built-in Code Editor (Code and Parameter Assistants, Syntax Highlighting, Auto Correct, Code Templates, and more†¦) †¢Use the included mikroBasic libraries to dramatically speed up the development: data acquisition, memory, displays, conversions, communications†¦ Practically all P12, P16, and P18 chips are supported. †¢Monitor your program structure, variables, and functions in the Code Explorer. Generate commented, human-readable assembly, and standard HEX compatible with all programmers. †¢Inspect program flow and debug executable logic with the integrated Debugger. †¢Get detai led reports and graphs: RAM and ROM map, code statistics, assembly listing, calling tree, and more†¦ †¢We have provided plenty of examples for you to expand, develop, and use as building bricks in your projects. Copy them entirely if you deem fit – that’s why we included them with the compiler. HARDWARE DESCRIPTION RFID TAGS Tags also sometimes are called â€Å"transponders†. RFID tags can come in many forms and sizes.Some can be as small as a grain of rice. Data is stored in the IC and transmitted through the antenna to a reader. The two commonly used RFID Transponders [2] are Active (that do contain an internal battery power source that powers the tags chip) and passive (that does not have an internal power source, but are externally powered typical from the reader) RFID Transponders. RFID READER A reader (now more typically referred to as an RFID interrogator) is basically a radio frequency (RF) transmitter and receiver, controlled by a microprocess or or digital signal processor.The reader, using an attached antenna, captures data from tags, then passes the data to a computer for processing. The reader decodes the data encoded in the tag(s) integrated circuit (silicon chip) and the data is passed to the host computer for processing. WORKING OF RFID Information is sent to and read from RFID tags by a reader using radio waves. In passive systems, which are the most common, an RFID reader transmits an energy field that â€Å"wakes up† the tag and provides the power for the tag to respond to the reader.Data collected from tags is then passed through communication interfaces (cable or wireless) to host computer systems in the same manner that data scanned from bar code labels is captured and passed to computer systems for interpretation, storage, and action. FREQUENCIES OF RFID RFID deployments tend to use unlicensed frequencies for their obvious cost benefits. There are four commonly used frequencies: †¢ Low frequency (LF) 125/134. 2 KHz. †¢ High frequency (HF) 13. 56 MHz. †¢ Ultra high frequency (UHF) (including 869 and 915 MHz). Microwave (at 2450 MHz, a band familiar to ISPs). A tag's read range performance is usually considered the primary gauge of its suitability for a particular application. It is important to remember that not all applications require maximum range. Tags in the LF-HF band have a range of 1 to 18 inches, while passive UHF tags can reach up to 20 feet, and microwave tags can reach 1 to 6 feet. The ranges greatly depend upon the surface on which the tag is mounted. BLOCK DIAGRAM BIOMETRIC SYSTEM In today’s world, the need for effective security is evident.Without effective security, many everyday activities are compromised. Specific security concerns include: †¢Protecting computer systems, PDAs, mobile phones, Internet appliances and similar devices from unauthorized access or use †¢Protecting motor vehicles and other valuable items from unauthorize d access or use preventing theft and fraud in financial transactions, in particular electronic transactions, including credit card payments and payments via the Internet. †¢ Restricting access to workplaces, warehouses and secures areas, such as military installations, to authorized personnel. Screening access to public transportation, in particular air travel. †¢ Authenticating the identity of an individual in drivers’ licenses, health cards, ID cards, and similar administrative documents. A major factor in ensuring security is the unique identification of individuals, or the authentication that a person is who he or she claims to be. This must be done reliably, rapidly, non-intrusively and at reasonable cost. In the past, this has been done by methods such as security tokens (passports, badges, etc. ), secure knowledge (passwords PIN codes, signature, etc. or recognition by a guardian (doorkeeper). These traditional approaches are all limited with respect to the a bove criteria. A promising approach for the future is biometrics. Biometrics offers a convenient, reliable and low-cost means of identifying or authenticating individuals, and can be implemented in unsupervised and remote situations. Biometrics seeks to identify individuals uniquely by measuring certain physical and behavioural characteristics and extracting a sample (also called a sampled template or live template) from these measurements in a standard data format.This sample is compared with a template (also called an enrolled template or signature), based on the same characteristics, that has been established as the unique identity of that individual and stored in the security system. A close match between sample and template confirms the identity of the individual. Attention has been focused on a small number of physical characteristics that can identify individuals uniquely, notably voice, gait, face, iris and retina patterns, palm prints and fingerprints. (DNA is excluded from this list because DNA sampling is intrusive and slow. Work is proceeding to develop electronic recognition systems based on all of these. This article focuses on fingerprints as the most advanced, mature and well-developed option. Based on centuries of experience and extensive research, fingerprints are at present considered to be the most reliable biometric for uniquely identifying an individual. In spite of some recent legal challenges in the USA, they are still regarded as giving proof of identity beyond reasonable doubt in almost all cases. The majority of the biometric-based security systems in operation today are based on fingerprint recognition.Thumb Impression FINGERCHIP TECHNOLOGY Finger Chip IC for fingerprint image capture combines detection and data conversion circuitry in a single rectangular CMOS die. It captures the image of a fingerprint as the finger is swept vertically over the sensor window. It requires no external heat, light or radio source. FINGERCHIP SENSOR T he Finger Chip sensor comprises an array of 8 rows by 280 columns, giving 2240 temperature-sensitive pixels. An additional dummy column is used for calibration and frame identification. The pixel pitch of 50 _m by 50 _m provides a resolution of 500 dpi over an image zone of 0. mm by 14 mm. This is adequate to capture a frame of the central portion of a fingerprint at an acceptable image resolution. This resolution also complies with the Image Quality Specification (IQS) from the IAFIS (Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System) of the U. S. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). The pixel clock is programmable at up to 2 MHz, giving an output of 1780 frames per second. This is more than adequate for a typical sweeping velocity. An image of the entire fingerprint is re-constructed from successive frames using software provided. Biometric sensor ZIGBEEZigBee is a low-cost, low-power, wireless mesh network standard. The low cost allows the technology to be widely deployed in wireless control and monitoring applications. Low power-usage allows longer life with smaller batteries. Mesh networking provides high reliability and more extensive range. The technology is intended to be simpler and less expensive than other WPANs such as Bluetooth. ZigBee chip vendors typically sell integrated radios and microcontrollers with between 60 KB and 256 KB flash memory. ZigBee operates in the industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) radio bands; 868 MHz in Europe, 915 MHz in the USA and Australia, and 2. GHz in most jurisdictions worldwide. Data transmission rates vary from 20 to 250 kilobits/second. The ZigBee network layer natively supports both star and tree typical networks, and generic mesh networks. Every network must have one coordinator device, tasked with its creation, the control of its parameters and basic maintenance. Within star networks, the coordinator must be the central node. Both trees and meshes allow the use of ZigBee routers to extend communicat ion at the network level. ZIGBEE STACK ZigBee builds upon the physical layer and medium access control defined in IEEE standard 802. 5. 4 (2003 version) for low-rate WPAN's. The specification goes on to complete the standard by adding four main components: network layer, application layer, ZigBee device objects (ZDO's) and manufacturer-defined application objects which allow for customization and favour total integration. Besides adding two high-level network layers to the underlying structure, the most significant improvement is the introduction of ZDO's. These are responsible for a number of tasks, which include keeping of device roles, management of requests to join a network, device discovery and security.ZigBee is not intended to support power line networking but to interface with it at least for smart metering and smart appliance purposes. Because ZigBee nodes can go from sleep to active mode in 30msec or less, the latency can be low and devices can be responsive, particularly compared to Bluetooth wake-up delays, which are typically around three seconds. Because ZigBee nodes can sleep most of the time, average power consumption can be low, resulting in long battery life. PIC MICRO CONTROLLER FEATURES OF PIC (16F877A) †¢High-performance RISC CPU †¢Only 35 single word instructions to learn Direct, indirect and relative addressing modes †¢Power-on Reset (POR) †¢Power-up Timer (PWRT) and †¢Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST) †¢Programmable code-protection †¢Low-power, high-speed CMOS FLASH/EEPROM technology †¢In-Circuit Debugging via two pins †¢Single 5V In-Circuit Serial Programming capability †¢Wide operating voltage range: 2. 0V to 5. 5V †¢Commercial and Industrial temperature ranges †¢Low-power consumption. PIC micro controller-16F877A High-performance RISC CPU: †¢Only 35 single–word instruction to learn Operating speed: †¢DC-20MHz clock input †¢DC-200ns instruction cyclePerip heral features: †¢Universal synchronous asynchronous receiver transmitter (USAT/SCI) with 9-bit address deduction. †¢Parallel slave port (PSP)-8 bits wide with external RD, WR and CS controls. PIN DETAIL FOR MICROCONTROLLER Analog features: †¢10-bit, up to 8-channel analog –to- digital converter (A/D) †¢Analog Comparator module with two analog comparators †¢Programmable on – chip voltage reference (VREF) module †¢Programmable input multiplexing from device inputs and internal voltage reference †¢Comparator outputs are externally accessible Special Micro controller Features: 100,000 erase/write cycle Enhanced Flash program memory typical †¢1,000,000 erase/write cycle Data EEPROM memory typical †¢Data EEPROM Retention > 40 years †¢Self-reprogram able under software control †¢Single-supply 5v In-Circuit Serial Programming Tm (ICSPTm) Via two pins †¢Watching Timer (WDT) with its own on-chip RC oscillator for relia ble operation †¢Programmable code protection †¢Power saving Sleep mode †¢Selectable oscillator options In-Circuit Debug (ICD) via two pins CMOS Technology: †¢Low power, high-speed Flash/EEPROM technology †¢Wide operating voltage range (2. 0v to 5. 5v) RS 232PC in general cannot directly communicate with peripherals that are available. The reason behind this is the difference in their working logic. PC generally works in positive logic. The microcontroller that actually acts as the peripheral here works in negative logic. It becomes important to change the logic between them when they communicate with each other. RS232 is very important for standard serial interfacing with PC where change of logic is achieved. PC communicates with peripherals through serial com1 or com2, which communicates the data in terms of pulse form as follows. GSM MODULERFID security system is based on GSM network technology for transmission of SMS from sender to receiver. SMS sending a nd receiving is used for ubiquitous access of information and allowing breach control at secured area. The system provide a sub-systems which gives us a control subsystem that enables the user to control area security remotely whereas the security alert subsystem provides the remote security monitoring. The main aspect of the security alert is to achieve detection on intrusion in the system and allow an automatic generation of SMS thus alerting the user against security risk.PC: This unit contains the software components such as the server and security System through which the area security can be controlled and monitored. GSM Modem: It is a hardware component that allows the capability to send and receive SMS to and from the system. The communication with the system takes place via RS232 serial port. Cell phone can be attached at the place of GSM hardware but it limits the hardware functionality such as sending or receiving of SMS. Mobile Device: Cellular phone containing SIM card has a specific number through which communication takes place.The device communicates with the GSM Modem via radio frequency. Mobile user transmits SMS using GSM technology. GSM Modem: GSM modem is a plug and play device and is attached to the PC which then communicates with the PC via RS232 port. GSM modem is a bridge responsible for enabling/ disabling of SMS capability. Cell Phone: Mobile device communicates with the GSM Modem via radio waves. The mode of communication is wireless and mechanism works on the GSM technology. Cell phone has a SIM card and a GSM subscription. This cell phone number is configured on the system.User transmits instructions via SMS and the system takes action against those instructions. WORKING OF GSM MODULE GSM hardware tests are run in order to check the hardware support. The system will call GSM modem and it will get activated. After activation the Modem will check for hardware support. If the hardware is missing or some other hardware problem there w ill be error, resulting in communication failure and the application will be terminated. If hardware responds then the serial port will be opened for communication and GSM hardware will allow transmission of SMS.The system will then connect and after connection establishment the system will be able to detect intrusion and will alert user about the breach and similarly the system will update status of appliances by receiving SMS from the pre-defined cell number. SMS will be silently ignored if cell number is unauthorized. The system uses GSM technology thus providing ubiquitous access to the system for security and automated appliance control. Therefore this paper proposes a system that allows user to be control and provide security on detection of intrusion via SMS using GSM technology.POWER SUPPLY Power supply is the basic unit that provides corresponding operating voltage to each circuit. In this 12V power supply is used in the project. 7805 represents the IC which works on the op erating voltage of +5V. 7905 represents the IC works on the operating voltage of -5V. 7812 represents the IC which works on the operating voltage of +12V. 7912 represents the IC works on the operating voltage of -12V. BLOCK DIAGRAM Power supply unit consists of following units i) Step down transformer ii) Rectifier unit iii) Input filter iv) Regulator unit v) Output filter STEPDOWN TRANSFORMERUsing step down uses it to step down the main supply voltage transformer. It consists of primary and secondary coils. The output from the Secondary coil is also AC waveforms we have to convert AC voltage into DC voltage by using Rectifier Unit. RECTIFIER UNIT We have to convert AC voltage into DC voltage by using rectifier. Bridge Rectifier is used to convert into DC voltage. This output voltage of the rectifier is in rippled forms we have to remove the ripples from DC voltage. INPUT FILTER Capacitor acts as filter. The principle of the capacitor is charging and discharging.It charges in positi ve half cycle of the AC voltage and it will Discharge in negative half cycles, it allows only AC voltage and doesn’t allow the DC voltage. This filter is fixed before the regulator. REGULATOR UNIT Regulator regulates the output voltage constant depends upon the regulator. it classifieds as follows i) Positive regulator 1—> input pin 2—> ground pin 3—> output pin It regulates the positive voltage. ii) Negative regulator 1—> ground pin 2—> input pin 3—> output pin It regulates the negative voltage. OUTPUT FILTER Capacitor acts as filter.The principle of the capacitor is charging and Discharging. it charges in positive half cycle of the AC voltage and it will Discharge in negative half cycles, it allows only AC voltage and doesn’t allow the DC voltage. This fiter is fixed after the regulator. MERITS It is an advanced technology used for security purpose The main advantage is that its easy to use Comparing to all other technology i t has high memory capacity The size of the RFID is small, therefore its compact CONCLUSION AND FUTURE IMPLEMENTATION RFID is one of the best technology used for barcode system , tags and transfer information.RFID adorns the management with a new idea and usher for a bright future. In the near future the RFID tag system will be replaced with NFC(near field communication) because of its high sensitivity Due to its customizable feature and continuing improvement the library communities are beginning to get involved in its development REFERENCES www. microchip. com www. dallas. com www. gsmfavorites. com http://www. shepherdcentre. com. au/ www. myprojects. com SECURITY SYSTEM USING RFID A PROJECT REPORT Submitted by ANISH ANTONY (080107117005) JISU JOHN ISAC (080107117039)KRISHNA PRABHA R(080107117055) KUNAL BHARDWAJ (080107117056) In partial fulfilment for the award of the degree of BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING in ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING PARK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TE KHNOLOGY, KANIYUR, COIMBATORE-641659. ANNA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY COIMBATORE 641 047 APRIL 2012 ANNA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY COIMBATORE-641047 BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE Certified that this project report â€Å"SECURITY SYSTEM USING RFID† is the bonafide work of â€Å"ANISH ANTONY, JISU JOHN ISAC, KRISHNA PRABHA R, KUNAL BHARDWAJ† who carried out the project work under my supervision.SIGNATURESIGNATURE Mr. MARIA ANTONY M. E Mrs. K. MUTHULAKSHMI. M. E. (PhD) SUPERVISOR HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT Department of Electronics and Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Communication Engineering, Park College of Engineering Park College of Engineering and Technology, and Technology, Coimbatore – 641659. Coimbatore – 641659. INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINERCONTENTS CHAPTER TITLE PAGE NO ABSTRACT 1. INTRODUCTION 2. OBJECTIVE 3. SYSTEM ANALYSIS 3. 1 Existing System 3. 2 Proposed System 4. SYSTEM SPECIFICATION 4. 1Hardware requirements 4. 2 Software req uirements 5. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 5. 1 Software description 5. Hardware description 6. BLOCK DIAGRAM 6. 1 block diagram description 7. MERITS 8. CONCLUSION 9. REFERENCES ABSTRACT RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) is the quintessential pervasive computing technology. The heart of the utility is that RFID makes gathering information about physical objects easy. Information about RFID tagged objects can be read through physical barriers, and from a distance. Our project utilized these RFID tags to improve the security system of a building by introducing a system that could read the RFID tagged smart cards that are placed in proximity to an antenna.Our project comes with option of finger print system, GSM system and camera system attached with the main RFID system. This help in making the security full proof and reduce the possibility of breaches. RFID devices have three primary elements: a chip, an antenna, and a reader. A fourth important part of any RFID system is the database wher e information about tagged smart card is stored. For wireless data transmission and networking between sensor nodes, the project uses ZigBee modules. The modules require minimal power and provide reliable delivery of data between devices with efficient security measures.This project is implemented in real time system. INTRODUCTION The major problem faced by organizations in security breach is related with doors without proper security system on them for their protection. Our project is going to solve these problems by using RFID technology. For wireless data transmission between tag and sensor nodes, the project uses ZigBee modules. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is an automatic identification method, relying on storing and remotely retrieving data using devices called RFID tags or transponders.So the RFID is a wireless identification. Normally the RFID system comprises of two main parts: RFID Reader and RFID Tag. RFID Reader is an integrated or passive network which is used to interrogate information from RFID tag (contains antennas to enable them to receive and respond to radiofrequency queries from an RFID transceiver). The RFID Reader may consist of antenna, filters, modulator, demodulator, coupler and a micro processor. We try to enhance the security up to a very effective level so that there are minimum possibilities in the security breach.For this purpose we are introducing a multilevel security system which consists of finger print impression, camera and GSM module along with RFID system. The system also creates a log containing check-in and check-out of each user along with basic information of user. OBJECTIVE The aim of the project is to design a system that have a small coverage area and can be use for authentication or identification purposes. â€Å"Security System Using RFID† is a system that uses RFID technology to maintain the security of the different rooms in same structure which can be monitored on real-time bases using the Data base server (PC).This system prevents unauthorized entry in rooms. For this purpose we are introducing a multilevel security system which consists of finger print impression, camera and GSM module along with RFID system. This ensures the reliability of the system and makes it difficult to breach. SYSTEM ANALYSIS EXISTING SYSTEM In the existing system, Information is sent to and read from RFID tags by a reader using radio waves. In passive systems, which are the most common, an RFID reader transmits an energy field that â€Å"wakes up† the tag and provides the power for the tag to respond to the reader.Data collected from tags is then passed through communication interfaces (cable or wireless) to host computer systems in the same manner that data scanned from bar code labels is captured and passed to computer systems for interpretation, storage, and action. The drawback in this system is the lack of security option available for the user. One can easily use others RFID tag to gain access in the desired place without their prior knowledge. This breach cannot be easily accounted as there is no record other then the RFID tag used which can mislead to undesirable situation.PROPOSED SYSTEM This system is of new kind in which finger print recognition system along with GSM and camera is newly added. In this system RFID along with ZigBee, microcontroller, biometric system, GSM, amplifier circuit, power supply, camera and database server (PC) is used. Different circuits work together to form an unreachable system so that the security can be enhanced to the maximum level possible. When RFID tag is sensed by the RFID receiver and finger print impression is given, the camera is activated which clicks the image of the user trying to access the system.This information is stored in the database along with time and date when the system was accessed and the GSM technology used in the system make sure that the concerned authority is notified about the activation of the sy stem along with result. SYSTEM SPECIFICATION HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS MODULESCOMPONENTNAME OF THE IC Power supplyVoltage RegulatorsLM7805, L7812, MC7912 Miscellaneous componentRS23225 PIN PORT CameraUSB Type Biometric scanner Optical Processing unitPIC ControllerPIC16F877A Data TransmissionDual Driver/ReceiverMAX 232 RFID Zigbee TransceiverX-BEE GSM Modem-SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS Visual basics 6. 0 (Front end Design) Mikro basic SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION Visual Basic (VB) is the third-generation event-driven programming language and integrated development environment (IDE) from Microsoft for its COM programming model. Visual Basic is relatively easy to learn and use. Visual Basic was derived from BASIC and enables the rapid application development (RAD) of graphical user interface (GUI) applications, access to databases using Data Access Objects, Remote Data Objects, or ActiveX Data Objects, and creation of ActiveX controls and objects.Scripting languages such as VBA and VBScript are syntactic ally similar to Visual Basic, but perform differently. A programmer can put together an application using the components provided with Visual Basic itself. Programs written in Visual Basic can also use the Windows API, but doing so requires external function declarations. Visual basic is used to provide a simple interface about the program between user and system software. This is also used for storing the data and act as database for the system.MIKRO BASIC MikroBasic is a powerful, feature rich development tool for PIC microcontrollers. It is designed to provide the customer with the easiest possible solution for developing applications for embedded systems, without compromising performance or control. Highly advanced IDE, broad set of hardware libraries, comprehensive documentation, and plenty of ready to run example programs should be more than enough to get you started in programming microcontrollers. FEATURESMikroBasic allows you to quickly develop and deploy complex applicatio ns: †¢Write your BASIC source code using the built-in Code Editor (Code and Parameter Assistants, Syntax Highlighting, Auto Correct, Code Templates, and more†¦) †¢Use the included mikroBasic libraries to dramatically speed up the development: data acquisition, memory, displays, conversions, communications†¦ Practically all P12, P16, and P18 chips are supported. †¢Monitor your program structure, variables, and functions in the Code Explorer. †¢Generate commented, human-readable assembly, and standard HEX compatible with all programmers. Inspect program flow and debug executable logic with the integrated Debugger. †¢Get detailed reports and graphs: RAM and ROM map, code statistics, assembly listing, calling tree, and more†¦ †¢We have provided plenty of examples for you to expand, develop, and use as building bricks in your projects. Copy them entirely if you deem fit – that’s why we included them with the compiler. HARDWARE DE SCRIPTION RFID TAGS Tags also sometimes are called â€Å"transponders†. RFID tags can come in many forms and sizes. Some can be as small as a grain of rice.Data is stored in the IC and transmitted through the antenna to a reader. The two commonly used RFID Transponders [2] are Active (that do contain an internal battery power source that powers the tags chip) and passive (that does not have an internal power source, but are externally powered typical from the reader) RFID Transponders. RFID READER A reader (now more typically referred to as an RFID interrogator) is basically a radio frequency (RF) transmitter and receiver, controlled by a microprocessor or digital signal processor.The reader, using an attached antenna, captures data from tags, then passes the data to a computer for processing. The reader decodes the data encoded in the tag(s) integrated circuit (silicon chip) and the data is passed to the host computer for processing. WORKING OF RFID Information is sent to an d read from RFID tags by a reader using radio waves. In passive systems, which are the most common, an RFID reader transmits an energy field that â€Å"wakes up† the tag and provides the power for the tag to respond to the reader.Data collected from tags is then passed through communication interfaces (cable or wireless) to host computer systems in the same manner that data scanned from bar code labels is captured and passed to computer systems for interpretation, storage, and action. FREQUENCIES OF RFID RFID deployments tend to use unlicensed frequencies for their obvious cost benefits. There are four commonly used frequencies: †¢ Low frequency (LF) 125/134. 2 KHz. †¢ High frequency (HF) 13. 56 MHz. †¢ Ultra high frequency (UHF) (including 869 and 915 MHz). †¢ Microwave (at 2450 MHz, a band familiar to ISPs).A tag's read range performance is usually considered the primary gauge of its suitability for a particular application. It is important to remember t hat not all applications require maximum range. Tags in the LF-HF band have a range of 1 to 18 inches, while passive UHF tags can reach up to 20 feet, and microwave tags can reach 1 to 6 feet. The ranges greatly depend upon the surface on which the tag is mounted. BLOCK DIAGRAM BIOMETRIC SYSTEM In today’s world, the need for effective security is evident. Without effective security, many everyday activities are compromised.Specific security concerns include: †¢Protecting computer systems, PDAs, mobile phones, Internet appliances and similar devices from unauthorized access or use †¢Protecting motor vehicles and other valuable items from unauthorized access or use preventing theft and fraud in financial transactions, in particular electronic transactions, including credit card payments and payments via the Internet. †¢ Restricting access to workplaces, warehouses and secures areas, such as military installations, to authorized personnel. †¢ Screening access to public transportation, in particular air travel. Authenticating the identity of an individual in drivers’ licenses, health cards, ID cards, and similar administrative documents. A major factor in ensuring security is the unique identification of individuals, or the authentication that a person is who he or she claims to be. This must be done reliably, rapidly, non-intrusively and at reasonable cost. In the past, this has been done by methods such as security tokens (passports, badges, etc. ), secure knowledge (passwords PIN codes, signature, etc. ) or recognition by a guardian (doorkeeper). These traditional approaches are all limited with respect to the above criteria.A promising approach for the future is biometrics. Biometrics offers a convenient, reliable and low-cost means of identifying or authenticating individuals, and can be implemented in unsupervised and remote situations. Biometrics seeks to identify individuals uniquely by measuring certain physical and behav ioural characteristics and extracting a sample (also called a sampled template or live template) from these measurements in a standard data format. This sample is compared with a template (also called an enrolled template or signature), based on the same characteristics, that has been established as he unique identity of that individual and stored in the security system. A close match between sample and template confirms the identity of the individual. Attention has been focused on a small number of physical characteristics that can identify individuals uniquely, notably voice, gait, face, iris and retina patterns, palm prints and fingerprints. (DNA is excluded from this list because DNA sampling is intrusive and slow. ) Work is proceeding to develop electronic recognition systems based on all of these. This article focuses on fingerprints as the most advanced, mature and well-developed option.Based on centuries of experience and extensive research, fingerprints are at present consi dered to be the most reliable biometric for uniquely identifying an individual. In spite of some recent legal challenges in the USA, they are still regarded as giving proof of identity beyond reasonable doubt in almost all cases. The majority of the biometric-based security systems in operation today are based on fingerprint recognition. Thumb Impression FINGERCHIP TECHNOLOGY Finger Chip IC for fingerprint image capture combines detection and data conversion circuitry in a single rectangular CMOS die.It captures the image of a fingerprint as the finger is swept vertically over the sensor window. It requires no external heat, light or radio source. FINGERCHIP SENSOR The Finger Chip sensor comprises an array of 8 rows by 280 columns, giving 2240 temperature-sensitive pixels. An additional dummy column is used for calibration and frame identification. The pixel pitch of 50 _m by 50 _m provides a resolution of 500 dpi over an image zone of 0. 4 mm by 14 mm. This is adequate to capture a frame of the central portion of a fingerprint at an acceptable image resolution.This resolution also complies with the Image Quality Specification (IQS) from the IAFIS (Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System) of the U. S. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). The pixel clock is programmable at up to 2 MHz, giving an output of 1780 frames per second. This is more than adequate for a typical sweeping velocity. An image of the entire fingerprint is re-constructed from successive frames using software provided. Biometric sensor ZIGBEE ZigBee is a low-cost, low-power, wireless mesh network standard.The low cost allows the technology to be widely deployed in wireless control and monitoring applications. Low power-usage allows longer life with smaller batteries. Mesh networking provides high reliability and more extensive range. The technology is intended to be simpler and less expensive than other WPANs such as Bluetooth. ZigBee chip vendors typically sell integrated rad ios and microcontrollers with between 60 KB and 256 KB flash memory. ZigBee operates in the industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) radio bands; 868 MHz in Europe, 915 MHz in the USA and Australia, and 2. GHz in most jurisdictions worldwide. Data transmission rates vary from 20 to 250 kilobits/second. The ZigBee network layer natively supports both star and tree typical networks, and generic mesh networks. Every network must have one coordinator device, tasked with its creation, the control of its parameters and basic maintenance. Within star networks, the coordinator must be the central node. Both trees and meshes allow the use of ZigBee routers to extend communication at the network level. ZIGBEE STACK ZigBee builds upon the physical layer and medium access control defined in IEEE standard 802. 5. 4 (2003 version) for low-rate WPAN's. The specification goes on to complete the standard by adding four main components: network layer, application layer, ZigBee device objects (ZDO's) and manufacturer-defined application objects which allow for customization and favour total integration. Besides adding two high-level network layers to the underlying structure, the most significant improvement is the introduction of ZDO's. These are responsible for a number of tasks, which include keeping of device roles, management of requests to join a network, device discovery and security.ZigBee is not intended to support power line networking but to interface with it at least for smart metering and smart appliance purposes. Because ZigBee nodes can go from sleep to active mode in 30msec or less, the latency can be low and devices can be responsive, particularly compared to Bluetooth wake-up delays, which are typically around three seconds. Because ZigBee nodes can sleep most of the time, average power consumption can be low, resulting in long battery life. PIC MICRO CONTROLLER FEATURES OF PIC (16F877A) †¢High-performance RISC CPU †¢Only 35 single word instructions t o learn Direct, indirect and relative addressing modes †¢Power-on Reset (POR) †¢Power-up Timer (PWRT) and †¢Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST) †¢Programmable code-protection †¢Low-power, high-speed CMOS FLASH/EEPROM technology †¢In-Circuit Debugging via two pins †¢Single 5V In-Circuit Serial Programming capability †¢Wide operating voltage range: 2. 0V to 5. 5V †¢Commercial and Industrial temperature ranges †¢Low-power consumption. PIC micro controller-16F877A High-performance RISC CPU: †¢Only 35 single–word instruction to learn Operating speed: †¢DC-20MHz clock input †¢DC-200ns instruction cyclePeripheral features: †¢Universal synchronous asynchronous receiver transmitter (USAT/SCI) with 9-bit address deduction. †¢Parallel slave port (PSP)-8 bits wide with external RD, WR and CS controls. PIN DETAIL FOR MICROCONTROLLER Analog features: †¢10-bit, up to 8-channel analog –to- digital converter (A /D) †¢Analog Comparator module with two analog comparators †¢Programmable on – chip voltage reference (VREF) module †¢Programmable input multiplexing from device inputs and internal voltage reference †¢Comparator outputs are externally accessible Special Micro controller Features: 100,000 erase/write cycle Enhanced Flash program memory typical †¢1,000,000 erase/write cycle Data EEPROM memory typical †¢Data EEPROM Retention > 40 years †¢Self-reprogram able under software control †¢Single-supply 5v In-Circuit Serial Programming Tm (ICSPTm) Via two pins †¢Watching Timer (WDT) with its own on-chip RC oscillator for reliable operation †¢Programmable code protection †¢Power saving Sleep mode †¢Selectable oscillator options In-Circuit Debug (ICD) via two pins CMOS Technology: †¢Low power, high-speed Flash/EEPROM technology †¢Wide operating voltage range (2. 0v to 5. 5v) RS 232PC in general cannot directly communic ate with peripherals that are available. The reason behind this is the difference in their working logic. PC generally works in positive logic. The microcontroller that actually acts as the peripheral here works in negative logic. It becomes important to change the logic between them when they communicate with each other. RS232 is very important for standard serial interfacing with PC where change of logic is achieved. PC communicates with peripherals through serial com1 or com2, which communicates the data in terms of pulse form as follows. GSM MODULERFID security system is based on GSM network technology for transmission of SMS from sender to receiver. SMS sending and receiving is used for ubiquitous access of information and allowing breach control at secured area. The system provide a sub-systems which gives us a control subsystem that enables the user to control area security remotely whereas the security alert subsystem provides the remote security monitoring. The main aspect of the security alert is to achieve detection on intrusion in the system and allow an automatic generation of SMS thus alerting the user against security risk.PC: This unit contains the software components such as the server and security System through which the area security can be controlled and monitored. GSM Modem: It is a hardware component that allows the capability to send and receive SMS to and from the system. The communication with the system takes place via RS232 serial port. Cell phone can be attached at the place of GSM hardware but it limits the hardware functionality such as sending or receiving of SMS. Mobile Device: Cellular phone containing SIM card has a specific number through which communication takes place.The device communicates with the GSM Modem via radio frequency. Mobile user transmits SMS using GSM technology. GSM Modem: GSM modem is a plug and play device and is attached to the PC which then communicates with the PC via RS232 port. GSM modem is a bridge responsible for enabling/ disabling of SMS capability. Cell Phone: Mobile device communicates with the GSM Modem via radio waves. The mode of communication is wireless and mechanism works on the GSM technology. Cell phone has a SIM card and a GSM subscription. This cell phone number is configured on the system.User transmits instructions via SMS and the system takes action against those instructions. WORKING OF GSM MODULE GSM hardware tests are run in order to check the hardware support. The system will call GSM modem and it will get activated. After activation the Modem will check for hardware support. If the hardware is missing or some other hardware problem there will be error, resulting in communication failure and the application will be terminated. If hardware responds then the serial port will be opened for communication and GSM hardware will allow transmission of SMS.The system will then connect and after connection establishment the system will be able to detect intrusion a nd will alert user about the breach and similarly the system will update status of appliances by receiving SMS from the pre-defined cell number. SMS will be silently ignored if cell number is unauthorized. The system uses GSM technology thus providing ubiquitous access to the system for security and automated appliance control. Therefore this paper proposes a system that allows user to be control and provide security on detection of intrusion via SMS using GSM technology.POWER SUPPLY Power supply is the basic unit that provides corresponding operating voltage to each circuit. In this 12V power supply is used in the project. 7805 represents the IC which works on the operating voltage of +5V. 7905 represents the IC works on the operating voltage of -5V. 7812 represents the IC which works on the operating voltage of +12V. 7912 represents the IC works on the operating voltage of -12V. BLOCK DIAGRAM Power supply unit consists of following units i) Step down transformer ii) Rectifier unit iii) Input filter iv) Regulator unit v) Output filter STEPDOWN TRANSFORMERUsing step down uses it to step down the main supply voltage transformer. It consists of primary and secondary coils. The output from the Secondary coil is also AC waveforms we have to convert AC voltage into DC voltage by using Rectifier Unit. RECTIFIER UNIT We have to convert AC voltage into DC voltage by using rectifier. Bridge Rectifier is used to convert into DC voltage. This output voltage of the rectifier is in rippled forms we have to remove the ripples from DC voltage. INPUT FILTER Capacitor acts as filter. The principle of the capacitor is charging and discharging.It charges in positive half cycle of the AC voltage and it will Discharge in negative half cycles, it allows only AC voltage and doesn’t allow the DC voltage. This filter is fixed before the regulator. REGULATOR UNIT Regulator regulates the output voltage constant depends upon the regulator. it classifieds as follows i) Positive reg ulator 1—> input pin 2—> ground pin 3—> output pin It regulates the positive voltage. ii) Negative regulator 1—> ground pin 2—> input pin 3—> output pin It regulates the negative voltage. OUTPUT FILTER Capacitor acts as filter.The principle of the capacitor is charging and Discharging. it charges in positive half cycle of the AC voltage and it will Discharge in negative half cycles, it allows only AC voltage and doesn’t allow the DC voltage. This fiter is fixed after the regulator. MERITS It is an advanced technology used for security purpose The main advantage is that its easy to use Comparing to all other technology it has high memory capacity The size of the RFID is small, therefore its compact CONCLUSION AND FUTURE IMPLEMENTATION RFID is one of the best technology used for barcode system , tags and transfer information.RFID adorns the management with a new idea and usher for a bright future. In the near future the RFID tag system will be replaced with NFC(near field communication) because of its high sensitivity Due to its customizable feature and continuing improvement the library communities are beginning to get involved in its development REFERENCES www. microchip. com www. dallas. com www. gsmfavorites. com http://www. shepherdcentre. com. au/ www. myprojects. com SECURITY SYSTEM USING RFID A PROJECT REPORT Submitted by ANISH ANTONY (080107117005) JISU JOHN ISAC (080107117039)KRISHNA PRABHA R(080107117055) KUNAL BHARDWAJ (080107117056) In partial fulfilment for the award of the degree of BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING in ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING PARK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TEKHNOLOGY, KANIYUR, COIMBATORE-641659. ANNA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY COIMBATORE 641 047 APRIL 2012 ANNA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY COIMBATORE-641047 BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE Certified that this project report â€Å"SECURITY SYSTEM USING RFID† is the bonafide work of â€Å"ANISH ANTONY, JISU JOHN ISAC, KRISHNA PRABHA R, KUNAL BHARDWAJ† who carried out the project work under my supervision.SIGNATURESIGNATURE Mr. MARIA ANTONY M. E Mrs. K. MUTHULAKSHMI. M. E. (PhD) SUPERVISOR HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT Department of Electronics and Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Communication Engineering, Park College of Engineering Park College of Engineering and Technology, and Technology, Coimbatore – 641659. Coimbatore – 641659. INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINERCONTENTS CHAPTER TITLE PAGE NO ABSTRACT 1. INTRODUCTION 2. OBJECTIVE 3. SYSTEM ANALYSIS 3. 1 Existing System 3. 2 Proposed System 4. SYSTEM SPECIFICATION 4. 1Hardware requirements 4. 2 Software requirements 5. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 5. 1 Software description 5. Hardware description 6. BLOCK DIAGRAM 6. 1 block diagram description 7. MERITS 8. CONCLUSION 9. REFERENCES ABSTRACT RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) is the quintessential pervasive computing technology. The heart of the utility is that RFID makes gatherin g information about physical objects easy. Information about RFID tagged objects can be read through physical barriers, and from a distance. Our project utilized these RFID tags to improve the security system of a building by introducing a system that could read the RFID tagged smart cards that are placed in proximity to an antenna.Our project comes with option of finger print system, GSM system and camera system attached with the main RFID system. This help in making the security full proof and reduce the possibility of breaches. RFID devices have three primary elements: a chip, an antenna, and a reader. A fourth important part of any RFID system is the database where information about tagged smart card is stored. For wireless data transmission and networking between sensor nodes, the project uses ZigBee modules. The modules require minimal power and provide reliable delivery of data between devices with efficient security measures.This project is implemented in real time system. I NTRODUCTION The major problem faced by organizations in security breach is related with doors without proper security system on them for their protection. Our project is going to solve these problems by using RFID technology. For wireless data transmission between tag and sensor nodes, the project uses ZigBee modules. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is an automatic identification method, relying on storing and remotely retrieving data using devices called RFID tags or transponders.So the RFID is a wireless identification. Normally the RFID system comprises of two main parts: RFID Reader and RFID Tag. RFID Reader is an integrated or passive network which is used to interrogate information from RFID tag (contains antennas to enable them to receive and respond to radiofrequency queries from an RFID transceiver). The RFID Reader may consist of antenna, filters, modulator, demodulator, coupler and a micro processor. We try to enhance the security up to a very effective level so tha t there are minimum possibilities in the security breach.For this purpose we are introducing a multilevel security system which consists of finger print impression, camera and GSM module along with RFID system. The system also creates a log containing check-in and check-out of each user along with basic information of user. OBJECTIVE The aim of the project is to design a system that have a small coverage area and can be use for authentication or identification purposes. â€Å"Security System Using RFID† is a system that uses RFID technology to maintain the security of the different rooms in same structure which can be monitored on real-time bases using the Database server (PC).This system prevents unauthorized entry in rooms. For this purpose we are introducing a multilevel security system which consists of finger print impression, camera and GSM module along with RFID system. This ensures the reliability of the system and makes it difficult to breach. SYSTEM ANALYSIS EXISTIN G SYSTEM In the existing system, Information is sent to and read from RFID tags by a reader using radio waves. In passive systems, which are the most common, an RFID reader transmits an energy field that â€Å"wakes up† the tag and provides the power for the tag to respond to the reader.Data collected from tags is then passed through communication interfaces (cable or wireless) to host computer systems in the same manner that data scanned from bar code labels is captured and passed to computer systems for interpretation, storage, and action. The drawback in this system is the lack of security option available for the user. One can easily use others RFID tag to gain access in the desired place without their prior knowledge. This breach cannot be easily accounted as there is no record other then the RFID tag used which can mislead to undesirable situation.PROPOSED SYSTEM This system is of new kind in which finger print recognition system along with GSM and camera is newly added . In this system RFID along with ZigBee, microcontroller, biometric system, GSM, amplifier circuit, power supply, camera and database server (PC) is used. Different circuits work together to form an unreachable system so that the security can be enhanced to the maximum level possible. When RFID tag is sensed by the RFID receiver and finger print impression is given, the camera is activated which clicks the image of the user trying to access the system.This information is stored in the database along with time and date when the system was accessed and the GSM technology used in the system make sure that the concerned authority is notified about the activation of the system along with result. SYSTEM SPECIFICATION HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS MODULESCOMPONENTNAME OF THE IC Power supplyVoltage RegulatorsLM7805, L7812, MC7912 Miscellaneous componentRS23225 PIN PORT CameraUSB Type Biometric scanner Optical Processing unitPIC ControllerPIC16F877A Data TransmissionDual Driver/ReceiverMAX 232 RFID Zigbee TransceiverX-BEE GSM Modem-SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS Visual basics 6. 0 (Front end Design) Mikro basic SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION Visual Basic (VB) is the third-generation event-driven programming language and integrated development environment (IDE) from Microsoft for its COM programming model. Visual Basic is relatively easy to learn and use. Visual Basic was derived from BASIC and enables the rapid application development (RAD) of graphical user interface (GUI) applications, access to databases using Data Access Objects, Remote Data Objects, or ActiveX Data Objects, and creation of ActiveX controls and objects.Scripting languages such as VBA and VBScript are syntactically similar to Visual Basic, but perform differently. A programmer can put together an application using the components provided with Visual Basic itself. Programs written in Visual Basic can also use the Windows API, but doing so requires external function declarations. Visual basic is used to provide a simple interfa ce about the program between user and system software. This is also used for storing the data and act as database for the system.MIKRO BASIC MikroBasic is a powerful, feature rich development tool for PIC m

10 Ideas for Networking

10 Ideas for Networking 10 Ideas for Networking 10 Ideas for Networking By Mark Nichol Whether you’re a staff employee at your workplace, or you’re a home-based freelancer, you’ll benefit from a proactive effort to make yourself a part of a professional or interest-based community. Try one or more of these networking options: 1. Join an online writers’ community or social-networking site. (They abound on the Web; I chose this one as an example because of the clever play on the name of the professional-networking site Linked In.) 2. Become a member of a writers’ union like the Writers Guild of America West or its East Coast counterpart. 3. Sign up with a genre-specific writers’ association, such as the Mystery Writers of America. 4. Form or join a writing group. 5. Look up a site for writers of fan fiction, such as FanFiction.net. 6. Take a writing or literature class or workshop, and keep in touch with the students (and the instructor). 7. Attend writers’ conferences or enroll in an MFA program. 8. Attend (or organize) author events, poetry readings, open mics, and other literary gatherings. 9. Cultivate relationships with editors and with other writers. A rejection letter can be a beginning as well as an ending, and freelance writers (and editors) can pass leads on or hand surplus projects off to each other. 10. Develop your networking skills outside the writing realm by joining a civic or professional organization, volunteering with a nonprofit organization, or getting involved with a club or a hobby group. Networking Tips When attending events or other assemblages, exchange business cards or email addresses with fellow participants, but don’t treat the gatherings like speed-dating nights. Focus on meeting and engaging with no more than several people. It’s all about quality, not quantity, and especially when it comes to recurring events, you’ll always have another opportunity to meet someone you missed before. Writers are stereotyped as being wallflowers. That’s not always true, of course, but stereotypes come from somewhere. If you’re shy, try these strategies: Ask a more outgoing partner or friend to go with you and let them lead you into introductions. Find the most uncomfortable-looking person at the event, note that they’re probably feeling more nervous than you are, and go up to them and smile and say, â€Å"Me, too.† Reassure yourself that you don’t have to say a thing about yourself; let the other person do all the talking (unless they turn the tables on you or become tiresome). Come up with a stock question: â€Å"What’s your favorite novel?† â€Å"What are you reading?† â€Å"How’s your book coming?† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Freelance Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:5 Uses of InfinitivesTelling a Good Poem from a Bad OneThe 7 Types of Possessive Case

Computing Project Essays

Computing Project Essays Computing Project Essay Computing Project Essay I came up with my project idea through a problem my friend, a shop clerk, who runs a DVD rental shop, had faced. He used to rent out DVDs to his registered customers for the price of à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1.50 for old DVDs and à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½3.00 for DVDs which are pretty new but the problem was that he had to do everything without a computer system which made his job quite difficult for him. So I have decided to make a system for his video rental shop as my project which would make it easier for him. The general environment is him behind a counter surrounded by loads of DVDs so he is the only person who works in the shop, there is no staff but sometimes when required, he may get someone to cover for him if needed. The current system in operation works by a customer registering with the rental shop first they then receive their unique membership number which they then quote every time they want to rent a DVD out and then pay the rental price for that DVD. The shop clerk then looks for this membership number through a file which contains all the registered customers and their membership numbers, arranged in order from smallest to biggest and every time a new customer registers they get the next available membership number with in the file. The problem with the current system is that everything is done manually which is really time consuming and may get much difficult to maintain when and if the total number of members for that shop exceeds over 500, as looking for the membership numbers through a list of over 500 can take along time to find. For a solution to this problem I am aiming to come up with a system which will try to reduce the amount of time being spent while dealing with rentals and come up with a computerised system. I will transfer all the registered customers who are already registered with the shop to one single table first and then transfer all the DVDs which are available to rent at the shop to another separate table each with its own unique DVD ID. The shop clerks shop is open from 9 in the morning till 6 in the afternoon with no staff, just him. The problem is tackled now by the shop clerk just taking the orders and writing it down in a file he has with all the people who have registered with his shop, each having their own membership number. For example if a customer came into the shop and wanted to borrow a DVD, the customer would give the shop clerk their membership number, which then the shop clerk would search for this number in his file and write down the title of the DVD that has been borrowed into the file and take the money off the customer. A computer system can be used to completely computerise the system and reduce the time needed by having all the people who have registered with the shop in a single database with all their unique membership numbers. It could also allow the clerk to carry out other functions such as see which loans are overdue by the click of a button and print this out and target those people for repayment. The shop clerk will be able to answer any sort of questions I have which will help me in my project. 2. Identification of prospective users The computer system is going to be used by the shop clerk, who needs access to all the facilities, and mostly it will be only him who is going to be using it but sometimes when he has to take time off for a reason someone else may be using it. The shop clerk is computer literate but will require a bit of training before using the actual system. 3. User needs and acceptable limitations The shop clerk would like the system to: * Have some sort of security so I will be placing a username and password as security * He also wants it to allow him to register and update customers details with the shop * He also wants it to allow him to assign rented DVDs to people who have borrowed them * He would like to display the DVDs which havent been rented out when someone wants to rent out a DVD * The system must also print out a receipt for the customer * He also wants the system to allow him to add newly available DVDs to the existing selection * He also wants the system to be able to gather loans which are overdue and be able to print the list out * The system must allow the user to see which DVDs have been rented out and which havent * The system must be able to work out how much money the rental shop has made. The limitations would be that 4. Data Sources and Destinations * The shop clerk will type his username and password in to the system to access it. * When a customer is registering the details e.g. names, telephone number, address etc will come from the customer. This will be received in a paper form. * The DVDs will be obtained from the shop itself and its details will be entered into the system by the shop clerk/user. 5. Data Flow Diagram (Current System) (Proposed System) 6. Data Dictionary (Loans) Name Data Type Length Validation Example Data Comment Membership Number String Variable Must only be numbers 1658 Unique identifier of a registered customer DVD ID String Must only be numbers 125 Unique to every film Date Borrowed Date 10 characters 11/02/2005 The date a DVD was borrowed Due Date Date 10 characters 16/02/2005 The date a DVD is Due back Rental cost 5 characters à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½2.00 The price of renting a DVD Data Dictionary (Members) Name Data Type Length Validation Example Data Comment Title String 5 Characters Max Must Only Contain Letters Mr The title of a member Forename String 15 Characters Max Must Only Contain Letters John The forename of a member Surname String 15 Characters Max Must Only Contain Letters Smith The surname of a member Address 5 Lines Max 84 Lambert avenue etc The address of a member Telephone Number String 15 Characters Max Must only be numbers 0161 543 6789 The telephone number of a member Date Joined Date 10 characters Must only be numbers 05/06/2004 The date a member joined Additional Notes String 10 characters Any other additional notes that are needed on the member Data Dictionary (Films) Name Data Type Length Validation Example Data Comment Film Title The Matrix The name of the DVD Film Genre String 20 Characters Max Must only Contain letters Horror The genre of the film Length String 5 Characters 01.30 How long the film lasts for Age Certificate 2 Characters Must only Contain numbers 12 The minimum age you have to be to watch a film DVD ID String Variable Must only Contain numbers 126 The ID of the DVD which is specific to every DVD Price Currency Max 3 char Must only be numbers à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1.50 The price charged for the loan Data Dictionary (Usernames and Passwords) Name Data Type Length Validation Example Data Comment DVD ID Number Variable Must only be a number 5 The ID of the DVD which is specific to every DVD movie Member ID Number Variable Must only be a number 12 7. E-R model for the existing system 8. Objectives of the project The project aims are: * The system must be user friendly and easy to figure out how to use it. * The system must have some sort of security and only valid users can log on * The system must be able to register and update customers details with the shop and should give them a unique membership ID in the process which can be used by the rental shop to identify the member * The system must be able to add new DVDs to the existing catalogue and should also give each DVD a unique DVD ID * The system must assign A Copy Id to each DVD cause there be more than one copy of the same DVD * The system must allow the user to see which DVDs have been rented out and which havent * The system must be able to assign rented DVDs to people who have borrowed them * The system must also print out a receipt for the customer * The system must also be able gather a list of all loans which are overdue and be able to print this list out * The system must be able to work out how much money the rental shop has made. Design 1. Overall system design This system will work by the user logging into the system to have access to it. The log in process will consist of a username and a password which will act as a security feature which the user had wanted so only authorised users can log in but before the user can log in to the system he must setup a username and a password. Once logged in the user will be able to register new customers with the shop. The shop clerk/user will give a form to the customer to fill in and return to him so that he can fill in the details into the system which will be stored in the Members Table and the system will then also generate and assign a member id for the new member. The member table will contain the entire customers which are registered with the shop. When one of the customers wants to rent out a DVD, the user has to make sure that DVD is available to rent out so what I am going to do in this system is that I will not be displaying any DVDs which are already rented out but only those which arent rented out will be displayed so that the user can only choose from a list of only those DVDs which arent rented out to prevent him from renting out a DVD which isnt available. The shop clerk will then go into the stock room and obtain that DVD and give it to the customer he will then create a record in the Loans table which will contain the member ID, Copy Number, the date borrowed, the return date and the rental cost. After this has been done the system will generate a receipt The system will also be able to return DVDs. When the customer returns to the shop to return the DVD he or she borrowed he will have to quote his or her membership together with the ID of the DVD they borrowed. The user will then be able to search through a list of all the records within the Loans table and delete that record. The system will also allow the shop clerk/user to add new DVDs to the existing selection. This will be done by the user manually entering the description of the DVD such as title, genre etc into a table called the films table using a keyboard. This system will also be able to come up with a list of all the loans which have been overdue so that the shop clerk can target those people for a fine upon returning the DVD which was really difficult to do when he was using a manual system as he had to go through the whole file. This will be done by coming up with a sequence of SQL which will be designed to search through the rentals table and retrieve those records which are more than 2 days over the date of borrowing the DVDs. This list of overdue loans can then be printed out by the user. Systems Flow Chart Diagram Registering Customers Adding New DVDs Renting Out A DVD Returning A DVD 2. Modular structure of system (Top Down Design) Membership Form The member ship form will be used by the user to register new members with the shop. The data entered will be stored in the Members Table It will also allow the user/clerk to edit or update the data of the members if necessary. Add New DVD Form The DVD form will allow the user to add DVDs to the existing catalogue by entering information such ass genre, title, Length etc This form will also allow the user to edit the information about the DVDs as well. Rent Out a DVD Form This form will allow the user to rent out a DVD to a certain member. Overdue Loans Form This form will allow the user to gather a list of all the loans which are overdue so that he can print them out and target those members for repayment. 3. Design Data Dictionary * ER Diagram Member can rent Film has one many times or many copies * Data Dictionary Table: Members Field Name Data Type Length Validation Example Data Comment MemberId String Must be numeric 4 This is the primary key Uniquely identifies a member Title String 5 Characters Max Must only be letters Mr The title of a member Forename String 15 Characters Max Must Only Contain Letters John The forename of a member Surname String 15 Characters Max Must Only Contain Letters Smith The surname of a member AddressLine1 String Must Only Contain Letters 14 Slade St Where the member lives. AddressLine2 String Must Only Contain Letters longsight AddressLine3 String Must Only Contain Letters Manchester AddressLine4 String Must contain both letters and numbers M15 0QJ TelNumber String 15 Characters Max Must only be numbers 0161 256 7654 The telephone number of a member DateJoined Date 10 characters Must only be numbers 10/09/2010 The date a member joined the club Additional Notes String 10 characters Any other additional notes that are needed on the member This table will contain all the members which have joined with the rental shop. It will be accessed using the primary key, MemberId. All new records will be placed at the end of the table. Table: Films Field Name Data Type Length Validation Example Data Comment DVDId String Variable Must only Contain numbers 126 The ID of the DVD which is specific to every DVD movie FilmTitle String Variable The Matrix The name of the DVD Film Genre String 20 Characters Max Must only Contain letters Horror The genre of the film Length String 5 Characters 01.30 How long the film lasts for AgeCertificate 4 Characters Max 12 The minimum age you have to be to watch a DVD film This table will contain all the DVDs which the rental shop contains. It will be accessed using the DVD ID which is the primary key. New DVDs can be added to the table which will be placed at the bottom of the table. Table: Loans Field Name Data Type Length Validation Example Data Comment Member ID Number Variable Must only be a number 12 DVD ID Number Variable Must only be a number 5 The ID of the DVD which is specific to every DVD movie Date Borrowed Date Max 10 Char 12/05/2005 The date a DVD was Borrowed DateBack Date Max 10 Char 16/14/2005 The date a DVD needs to be returned by LoanID Number Variable Must only be a number 6 The ID of a rental for a DVD Price Currency 6 Char Must only be a number à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1.50 The price for renting a DVD This table will contain all the records of those members who have rented out a DVD. Once the DVD is returned that specific record will be deleted off this table. Table: Usernames And Passwords Field Name Data Type Length Validation Example Data Comment Member ID Number Variable Must only be a number 12 DVD ID Number Variable Must only be a number 5 The ID of the DVD which is specific to every DVD movie This table will contain all the usernames and passwords which will allow the user to enter into the system. 4. Storage media and format The media I intend to use to store my programs on is a CD-ROM disc. I dont need all the capacity of a CD-ROM but I intend to use this rather than a Floppy disc is because the programs wont be able to get deleted accidentally or maliciously on CD but with a floppy disc this is possible but then a gain a CD may get scratched up making the data within it unreadable. I will use a CD burner to burn my system to a CD-R using burning software. Once the system has been burned to CD-R this will make it read only meaning the system can not be delete or either written over All the databases will also need to be backed up to ensure that no data is accidentally lost or deliberately tampered with. All data will be backed up onto a CD every week and this disc will be kept in a safe place. Details of how to backup the data will be provided to the user. The program will be saved onto the hard drive so that the user doesnt have to load the CD every time he wants to use the program which is better off. 5. Identification of processes and algorithms for data transformation Login button on the Login Form: Begin If EdUsername.text = [Username] Then Begin If Edpassword.text = [Password] Then Begin FmmaninMenu.show; End Else Showmessage (Please enter a correct password) End Else Showmesage (Only Login If you are authorised to) This algorithm is used to login into the system. Rent Out Button begin Adoloans.open; if adoloans.locate(dvdid,strtoint(DBEdit1.text),[]) then showmessage(Already on loan) else begin xmem:= strtoint(dblkcbxmembers.text); adoqtoomany.Parameters[0].value:=xmem; adoqtoomany.Open; if ADOQtoomany.recordcount;=3 then showmessage (You Can Only Borrow A Maximum of 3 DVDs) end; This algorithm will be used to draw up and display messages if a member is trying to borrow more than 3 DVDs or the DVD he or she wants to borrow is already on loan. SQL SELECT [Loans Table].MemberID, [Loans Table].DVDId, [Films Table].FilmTitle, [Loans Table].DateBorrowed, [Loans Table].DateBack, [Loans Table].LoanID, [Loans Table].Price FROM [Members Table] INNER JOIN ([Films Table] INNER JOIN [Loans Table] ON [Films Table].DVDId = [Loans Table].DVDId) ON [Members Table].MemberId = [Loans Table].MemberID WHERE ((([Loans Table].DateBack);Date())); This SQL sequence will be used to gather a list of all the overdue loans. 6. User Interface Design My user interface will menu driven based. The menus will be accessed using buttons placed on forms with a label on each to indicate which button corresponds to which form. The forms displayed, selected from the main menu will have titles on them to identify them. The forms will not be cluttered and the layout of the buttons must be suitable so that there are spaces and blanks. Items must be placed in a logical way in order to make it easier for the user and to make it look nice. The forms will have to be coloured so that they look good. The font, colour size and style must be selected in a way which makes it easy to read for the user. The button which links back to the main menu must be located in a common position on all forms which will make it easier for the user to remember recognise where a common button is. Textboxes, command buttons, labels, frames, should all be sized oppositely so that it is easier for the user to distinguish what each text says and be able to enter or click on the correct prompt. Help facilities should be placed wherever required as the user is semi computer literate so hints would be useful. The Forms Will Look Like This: Setting up a Username and Password Form This is the Setting up a Username and Password Form. This is where the user will create a new username and a password which he or she will use to enter the system. The username and password will be saved in a table called the Usernames and Passwords table. Login Form This is the main menu form which will allow the user to access the other forms. Main Menu Form This is the main menu form which will allow the user to access the other forms. Register A Member Form This is the form which the user will use to register a member with the shop. Add New DVDs Form This form will be used by the user to add DVDs to the catalogue Rent Out A DVD Form This form will be used by the user to rent out a DVD to a member and a record will be created in the loans table identifying who has rented what DVD out. Return DVD Form This form will be used by the user when a member wants to return a DVD. When a DVD is returned the record is deleted off the loans table. Overdue Loans Form This form will be used by the user to generate a list of all the members who have not yet returned their DVD back to the shop. 7. Security and Integrity Plan I will try to keep the data as accurate as possible by using validation check and input masks.. I will implement a security feature on the Login Form which requires the correct username and password to prevent unauthorised access to the system. The validation check will be performed into the Login button on the login form so that the validity of the username and password can be checked. This will limit the chance of invalid access to the system. So if an incorrect username or password has been entered an error message will pop up telling the user that the username and password is incorrect and to re-enter it correctly. I will also use combo boxes where I think data doesnt really need to be typed into the system manually by the user but can be selected from a list to prevent anything inappropriate from being entered into the system which will help in increasing the integrity of the data entered.. I will also use input masks for things like the post code or telephone of a member as there all the post codes and telephone numbers are in one standard form for all members so this will also improve integrity. The measures I am putting in place to prevent data loss or corruption is that I will be outlining to the user to make regular backups so that if in any circumstance the data becomes corrupt or lost he can retrieve the data from a backup. I will also outline to the user that backups should be made everyday Details of how to carry out backing up of data will be given to the user as well. 8. System Security (access control) To prevent unauthorised access to the system I will provide a security feature which consists of a username and password. The user will first have to setup a username and password which once setup can be used to access the system. The pitfalls of this is that the login system will not have a limit on the number or passwords and usernames entered meaning that an unauthorised person may guess the username and password and enter the system. The system has no way off knowing whether the user who has logged on is the person who is really authorised to use this system or not. An alternative method could be to use biometric recognition but implementing this requires a lot of money and may be time-consuming. 8. Test strategy Once the system has finished I will test it in a methodological and structural way to make sure all process, buttons etc work correctly and efficiently. I will use testing The order in which I will test the system is as follows: Setup Username and Password Form I will ensure that the button for saving the Username and password works and that they get saved to the Usernames and Paswords table. Login Form I will ensure that only authorised users can log in and that if an incorrect username or password is entered the person can not log in without re-entering the correct username or password. Register A Member Form I will ensure that the details of the new member are saved to the table and that the input masks and combo boxes work as they should. I will also test the delete button for removing a member. Add New DVDs Form I will test the buttons for adding the details of the DVD to see if they are added to the table. I will test whether or not the same DVD can be added again. I will also test whether the delete button. Rent Out A DVD Form I will test whether the detail of the member who is renting the DVD is saved to the table and if a receipt can be printed out. I will also test whether a message pops if the DVD wanted is already on loan or not. Also I will test whether the system detects if that member has borrowed more than 3 DVDs. I will also test whether only DVDs that are not on loan are displayed. I will also test the buttons on that form. Returning A DVD I am going to test the buttons on this form and whether a record can be deleted using the delete button. I will also test whether the combo box displays only the lists off the members who are listed in the rentals table. Loans Overdue Form I will test whether the button for retrieving the list of all the overdue loans works and whether this can be printed. Testing Form Description of test Test Data Used Expected outcome Actual Outcome Page of Report 1 Username and Password Form Setting up a username and password Admin662 Xaverian Username and Password Saved As expected 2 Username and Password Form Username and Password fields left blank No Username No Password Error message should pop up As expected 3 Login Form When an authorised user logs on Admin662 Xaverian Main menu should open up As expected 4 Login Form When a invalid username and an invalid password is entered No Username No Password Error message should pop up As expected 5 Login Form When a valid username and an invalid password is entered Admin662 No Password Error message should pop up As expected 6 Login Form When a invalid username and a valid password is entered John Xaverian Error message should pop up As expected 7 Main Menu Check all links Correct forms open up As expected 8 Register a Member Registering a Member Details of that member should be saved, Confirmation message should pop up. As expected 9 Register a Member Title left blank but rest of the fields are not No Title An error message should pop up As Expected 10 Register a Member Forename left blank but rest of the fields are not No Forename An error message should pop up As Expected 11 Register a Member Surname left blank but rest of the fields are not No Surname An error message should pop up As Expected 12 Register a Member House Number left blank but rest of the fields are not No House Number An error message should pop up As Expected 13 Register a Member Street Name left blank but rest of the fields are not No Street Name An error message should pop up As Expected 14 Register a Member Town left blank but rest of the fields are not No Town An error message should pop up As Expected 15 Register a Member Post Code left blank but rest of the fields are not No Post Code An error message should pop up As Expected 16 Register a Member Tel No left blank but rest of the fields are not No Tel no An error message should pop up As Expected Register a Member Deleting a Member from the table A confirmation message pops up and deletes member As Expected Add DVDs Adding a DVD to the selection of DVDs available DVD is added to the selection. Confirmation message should pop up As expected Add DVDs Film Title Left blank but rest of Them Have not The Matrix Rest left Blank An error message should pop up As Expected Add DVDs Price Per Day field Left Blank and rest have not à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½3 Rest left Blank And Error message should pop up As expected Add DVDs When the same Film Is added twice An error message should pop up As expected 22 Form Description of test Test Data Used Expected outcome Actual Outcome Page of Report 23 Add DVDs Removing A DVD DVD should be deleted from the table As expected 24 Rent Out A DVD Renting Out A DVD to A Member DVD is rented out and added to the loans table As expected 25 Rent Out A DVD When a member is not selected but the rest of the fields have data entered in them And error message should pop up As expected 26 Rent Out A DVD When a DVD is not selected but the rest of the fields have data entered in them And error message should pop up As expected 27 Rent Out A DVD When a Price for a DVD is left blank but the rest of the fields have data entered in them And error message should pop up As expected 28 Rent Out A DVD When A Member is trying to rent out more than 3 DVDs And error message should pop up As Expected 29 Rent Out A DVD Renting out a DVD that is already on loan And error message should pop up As Expected 30 Rent Out A DVD Printing the receipt A confirmation message pops up As Expected 31 Returning A DVD Returning A DVD A confirmation message should pop up and the record should be deleted As Expected 32 Returning A DVD When a member has not been selected An error message should pop up As Expected 33 Loans Overdue Testing whether the button to activate a query works. A confirmation message should pop up and a list of all the overdue loans should be listed As expected 34 Loans Testing whether the overdue loans list prints out A confirmation message should pop up and the overdue loans list should print out. As expected 35 Register A Member Testing whether the input masks work The input mask should only accept the data in the format its setup to accept A As expected System maintenance 1. System Overview This is a DVD Rental System which is used by a user who owns a DVD renting shop. Though a username and password facility the user/shop clerk is able register members to the shop giving them the opportunity to rent DVDs from his shop. It also allows the user to add DVDs to the selection of DVDs that he already has. It also allows the user to assign DVDs to people who have rented them and also allows him to gain a list of all the members who have borrowed a DVD and have not returned them on time. Using the programming software Delphi allowed me to use some of its ADO components which allowed me to link my system to a database in access. The tables this system uses are the: * Members Table Contains all the members who are registered with the shop * Films Table Contains a list of all the DVDs available to rent at the shop * Loans Table Contains a list of all the members who have rented out DVDs * Usernames and Passwords Table Contains a list of all the usernames and passwords that can be used to access the system. 2. Brief summary of features used Some of the components of Delphi I used were: ADO table Function This component allowed me to link a specific table in a database in Access to Delphi, which then allowed me to enter details into edit boxes on Delphi which then automatically updated in the tables in Access. ADO Query Function This function allowed me to create a query in Access and then allowed me to enter the SQL statement into this component and then displayed the results of this query in Delphi. I made a connection string to my Access database, selected the table I wanted to query, and then I wrote the SQL statement. DB Grid Function This function allowed me to display a table in a database in Access in Delphi. DB Combo Box Function This function allowed me to list the data of an Access table in the form of a combo box. All the properties of these above components were set using the object inspector below: Debugging Function When there was a syntax error I used the debugging facility to help me fix the error. The Access tables which I used were the: Members Table (Design View) Films Table (Design View) Loans Table (Deign View) Usernames and Passwords Table (Design View) 3. Details of SQL Used Overdue Loans Query SELECT [Loans Table].MemberID, [Loans Table].DVDId, [Films Table].FilmTitle, [Loans Table].DateBorrowed, [Loans Table].DateBack, [Loans Table].LoanID, [Loans Table].Price FROM [Members Table] INNER JOIN ([Films Table] INNER JOIN [Loans Table] ON [Films Table].DVDId = [Loans Table].DVDId) ON [Members Table].MemberId = [Loans Table].MemberID WHERE ((([Loans Table].DateBack);Date())); This query was used to gather a list of all the loans which are overdue. This is present on the Overdue Loans Form below on this ADO Query component. 4. Sample of detailed Algorithm Design Setting Up Username and Password procedure TFMSetupUserandPass.BtnSaveClick(Sender: TObject); begin//begin if//if (EdUsername.text=) and (edPassword.text=) then//the text in edusername and edpassword is blank then Begin//begin showmessage(Please Enter A Username And A password)//show message please enter a username and password end//end else//otherwise begin//begin ADOuandpsetup.append; ADOuandpsetup [username]:=EdUsername.text;//take the text in edusername and place into the field called username in an access table ADOuandpsetup [Password]:=EdPassword.text take the text in edpasssword and place into the field called password in an access table ADOuandpsetup.post;//send the text Showmessage (Your Username and Password has Been Saved);//showmessage username and password saved end; end; end. Adding a DVD to a Table procedure TFmAddNewDvd.BtnAddDvdsClick(Sender: TObject); var FmAddNewDvd: TFmAddNewDvd; DVDid:integer; Begin//begin if adofilms.recordcount=0 then//if the number of records in adofilms is 0 then dvdid:=0//give the DVDID as 0 else//otherwise begin//begin adofilms.Open;//open adofilms adofilms.last; dvdid:=adofilms[dvdid];// insert the value of the variable dvdid into the field DVDID in the access table end; DVDid:=DVDid+1;//add 1 to whatever value the variable DVDID is ADOFilms.Append; ADOFilms [DVDId]:=DVDid;//insert the value of the variable dvdid into the field DVDID in the access table ADOFilms [filmtitle]:=LblEdFilmTitle.Text;//whatever is in the field lbledfilmtitle insert this into the field filmtitle in the access table ADOFilms [genre]:=CBgenre.Text; whatever is in the field cbgenre insert this into the field genre in the access table ADOFilms [Length]:=lbledLength.Text; whatever is in the field lbledlength insert this into the field length in the access table ADOFilms [AgeCertificate]:=CBAgeCert.Text; whatever is in the field cbagecert insert this into the field agecertificate in the access table ADOFilms [priceperday]:=LblEdPricePerDay.Text; whatever is in the field lbledpriceperday insert this into the field priceperday in the access table adofilms.post;//send this to the table showmessage (DVD Has Been Added To The Selection)//show this message end; end;//end end; 5. Procedures and Variables List Procedures Setting Up Username And Password Form procedure TFMSetupUserandPass.BtnSaveClick(Sender: TObject); This button is used to save the new username and password the user has selected to the usernames and passwords table. Login Form procedure TFMLogin.BtnLoginClick(Sender: TObject); This procedure is used by the user to login to the system and gain access to the main menu Main MenuForm procedure TFmMenu.BtnRegAMemClick(Sender: TObject); This procedure diplays the Regester A Member Form procedure TFmMenu.BtnAddDVDClick(Sender: TObject); This procedure displays the Add DVD Form procedure TFmMenu.BtnRntDVDClick(Sender: TObject); This procedure displays the Rent Out A DVD Form procedure TFmMenu.BtnReturnDvdClick(Sender: TObject); This procedure displays the Return DVD Form procedure TFmMenu.BtnLoansOverdueClick(Sender: TObject); This procedure displays the Loans Overdue Form Register A Member Form procedure TFmRegAMem.BtnNewMemberClick(Sender: TObject); This procedure adds the details of a new member to the Members Table procedure TFmRegAMem.BtnExitClick(Sender: TObject); This procedure closes the form and returns back to the main menu Add New DVDs Form procedure TFmAddNewDvd.BtnAddDvdsClick(Sender: TObject); This procedure adds the details of a DVD to the Films Table procedure BtnExitClick(Sender: TObject); This procedure exits the form and returns back to the manin menu form. Rent Out A DVD Form procedure TFMRentOutaDVD.BtnClick(Sender: TObject); This procedure adds a record to the loans table outlining who has rented which DVD and at what price. procedure TFMRentOutaDVD.BtnPrintClick(Sender: TObject); This procedure is to print out a recipet after a customer has rented out a DVD procedure TFMRentOutaDVD.BtnExitClick(Sender: TObject); This procedure is to exit the form and return back to the main menu. Return DVD Form procedure TFmReturnedDvds.BtnRentClick(Sender: TObject); This procedure retrns the DVD and deletes the record in the Loans Table procedure TFmReturnedDvds.Button1Click(Sender: TObject); This procedure closes the form and returns back to the main menu form procedure TFmReturnedDvds.dblkcbxmembersClick(Sender: TObject); This procedure Overdue Loans Form procedure TFmLoansOverdue.BtnActivateQueryClick(Sender: TObject); This procedure actvates the query to gather all the loans which are overdue. procedure TFmLoansOverdue.BtnPrintClick(Sender: TObject); This procedure is to print out the overdue loans list procedure TFmLoansOverdue.BtnExitClick(Sender: TObject); This procedure is to exit the form and return back to the main menu. Variables List Register a Member Form Variable Global/Local MemberID Local Add New DVD Form Variable Global/Local DVDID Local Rent Out a DVD Form Variable Global/Local Xmem Local dpmm Local Return DVD Form Variable Global/Local Xmem Local Overdue Loans Form Variable Global/Local dpmm Local row Local Annotated Listing of Program Code unit USetupUserAndPass; interface uses Windows, Messages, SysUtils, Variants, Classes, Graphics, Controls, Forms, Dialogs, StdCtrls, DB, ADODB; type TFMSetupUserandPass = class(TForm) Label1: TLabel; Label2: TLabel; EdUsername: TEdit; EdPassword: TEdit; BtnSave: TButton; ADOuandpsetup: TADOTable; DSuandpsetup: TDataSource; Label3: TLabel; Label4: TLabel; Label5: TLabel; procedure BtnSaveClick(Sender: TObject); private { Private declarations } public { Public declarations } end; var FMSetupUserandPass: TFMSetupUserandPass; implementation {$R *.dfm} procedure TFMSetupUserandPass.BtnSaveClick(Sender: TObject); begin//begin if//if (EdUsername.text=) and (edPassword.text=) then//the text in edusername and edpassword is blank then Begin//begin showmessage(Please Enter A Username And A password)//show message please enter a username and password end//end else//otherwise begin//begin ADOuandpsetup.append; ADOuandpsetup [username]:=EdUsername.text;//take the text in edusername and place into the field called username in an access table ADOuandpsetup [Password]:=EdPassword.text take the text in edpasssword and place into the field called password in an access table ADOuandpsetup.post;//send the text Showmessage (Your Username and Password has Been Saved);//showmessage username and password saved end; end; end. unit Ulogin; interface uses Windows, Messages, SysUtils, Variants, Classes, Graphics, Controls, Forms, Dialogs, StdCtrls, DB, ADODB; type TFMLogin = class(TForm) EdUserName: TEdit; EdPass: TEdit; Label1: TLabel; Label2: TLabel; Label3: TLabel; Btnlogin: TButton; ADOuandpsetup: TADOTable; DSuandpsetup: TDataSource; procedure BtnLoginClick(Sender: TObject); private { Private declarations } public { Public declarations } end; var FMLogin: TFMLogin; implementation uses Umenu; {$R *.dfm} procedure TFMLogin.BtnLoginClick(Sender: TObject); begin ADOUandPSetup.Open;//open the adouandpsetup if ADOUandPSetup.locate(username,(edusername.text),[]) and //if the contents of the field in the edusername is identical to that in the usernames and password table in the field named usernames and ADOUandPSetup.locate(password,(edpass.text),[])// if the contents of the field in the edpassword is identical to that in the usernames and password table named the field password Then//then Begin//begin showmessage (You Have Logged In Successfully);//show this message fmmenu.show//and show this form end else//otherwise showmessage (You Have Either Entered and Inavalid Username And Password or Are Not Authorised to Use this System) //show this message end;//end end. unit Umenu; interface uses Windows, Messages, SysUtils, Variants, Classes, Graphics, Controls, Forms, Dialogs, StdCtrls, ExtCtrls; type TFmMenu = class(TForm) BtnRegAMem: TButton; BtnRntDVD: TButton; BtnAddDVD: TButton; Label1: TLabel; BtnExt: TButton; BtnReturnDvd: TButton; BtnLoansOverdue: TButton; Image1: TImage; BtnLogin: TButton; BtnSetupUandP: TButton; procedure BtnSetupUandPClick(Sender: TObject); procedure BtnLoginClick(Sender: TObject); procedure BtnExtClick(Sender: TObject); procedure BtnRegAMemClick(Sender: TObject); procedure BtnRntDVDClick(Sender: TObject); procedure BtnAddDVDClick(Sender: TObject); procedure BtnCreateReportClick(Sender: TObject); procedure BtnReturnDvdClick(Sender: TObject); procedure BtnLoansOverdueClick(Sender: TObject); private { Private declarations } public { Public declarations } end; var FmMenu: TFmMenu; implementation uses URegisterMember, UAddNewDVD, UCreateAReport, URentOutaDVD, UReturnedDVDs, ULoansOverdue, Ulogin, USetupUserAndPass; {$R *.dfm} procedure TFmMenu.BtnExtClick(Sender: TObject); begin close; end; procedure TFmMenu.BtnRegAMemClick(Sender: TObject); begin FmRegAMem.show end; procedure TFmMenu.BtnRntDVDClick(Sender: TObject); begin FMRentOutaDVD.show end; procedure TFmMenu.BtnAddDVDClick(Sender: TObject); begin FmAddNewDvd.show end; procedure TFmMenu.BtnCreateReportClick(Sender: TObject); begin FmCreateAReport.show end; procedure TFmMenu.BtnReturnDvdClick(Sender: TObject); begin FmReturnedDvds.show end; procedure TFmMenu.BtnLoansOverdueClick(Sender: TObject); begin FmLoansOverdue.show; end; procedure TFmMenu.BtnLoginClick(Sender: TObject); begin fmlogin.show; end; procedure TFmMenu.BtnSetupUandPClick(Sender: TObject); begin fmsetupuserandpass.show; end; end. unit URegisterMember; interface uses Windows, Messages, SysUtils, Variants, Classes, Graphics, Controls, Forms, Dialogs, StdCtrls, ExtCtrls, Grids, DBGrids, DB, ADODB, DBCtrls, Mask; type TFmRegAMem = class(TForm) ADOMembers: TADOTable; DSMembers: TDataSource; DBMembers: TDBGrid; LblEdForename: TLabeledEdit; LblEdSurname: TLabeledEdit; LblEdHouseNumber: TLabeledEdit; LblEdStreetName: TLabeledEdit; LblEdTown: TLabeledEdit; LblEdAddNotes: TLabeledEdit; BtnNewMember: TButton; DBNavigator2: TDBNavigator; Label1: TLabel; Button1: TButton; CBTitle: TComboBox; Label2: TLabel; LblEdPostCode: TMaskEdit; Label4: TLabel; LbledTelno: TMaskEdit; Label3: TLabel; procedure Button1Click(Sender: TObject); procedure BtnExitClick(Sender: TObject); procedure BtnNewMemberClick(Sender: TObject); private { Private declarations } public { Public declarations } end; var FmRegAMem: TFmRegAMem; memberid:integer; implementation uses Umenu; {$R *.dfm} procedure TFmRegAMem.BtnExitClick(Sender: TObject); begin Close; end; procedure TFmRegAMem.BtnNewMemberClick(Sender: TObject); begin if (cbtitle.Text=) then//if what is in cbtitle is blank then begin showmessage(Please Enter A Title)// show message please select a title end; if (LblEdforename.Text=) then//the below code is similar to what I have written above begin showmessage(Please Enter A Forename) end; if (lbledSurname.Text=) then begin showmessage(Please Enter A Surname) end; if (lbledhousenumber.Text=) then begin showmessage(Please Enter A House Number) end; if (lbledStreetName.Text=) then begin showmessage(Please Enter A Street Name) end; if (lbledtown.Text=) then begin showmessage(Please Enter A Town) end; if (lbledpostcode.Text=) then begin showmessage(Please Enter A PostCode) end; if (lbledtelno.Text=) then begin showmessage(Please Enter A Telephone Number) end else begin begin if adomembers.recordcount=0 then memberid:=0 else begin adomembers.open; adomembers.last; memberid:=adomembers[memberid] end; memberid:=memberid+1;//add 1 to whatecer memberid is ADOMembers.Append;//append the access table called members ADOMembers [memberId]:=memberid; ADOMembers [title]:=cbtitle.text;//whatever is in cbtitle, place that in the title field in the members table ADOMembers [forename]:=LblEdforename.Text;//all the below code is similar to what I have written above ADOMembers [surname]:=lbledSurname.Text; ADOMembers [house number]:=lbledhousenumber.Text; ADOMembers [street name]:=lbledstreetname.Text; ADOMembers [Town]:=lbledtown.Text; ADOMembers [Tel number]:=LbledTelno.Text; Adomembers [Date Joined]:=date; ADOMembers [Post Code]:=lbledpostcode.Text; ADOMembers [Additional Notes]:=lbledaddnotes.Text; showmessage (Member Has Been Added); adomembers.post; end; end; end; procedure TFmRegAMem.Button1Click(Sender: TObject); begin fmmenu.show;//show this form end; end. unit UAddNewDVD; interface uses Windows, Messages, SysUtils, Variants, Classes, Graphics, Controls, Forms, Dialogs, StdCtrls, ExtCtrls, Grids, DBGrids, DB, ADODB, DBCtrls; type TFmAddNewDvd = class(TForm) DSFilms: TDataSource; ADOFilms: TADOTable; DBFilms: TDBGrid; LblEdFilmTitle: TLabeledEdit; LblEdLength: TLabeledEdit; CBGenre: TComboBox; CBAgeCert: TComboBox; BtnAddDvds: TButton; BtnExit: TButton; DBNavigator1: TDBNavigator; LblEdPricePerDay: TLabeledEdit; Label1: TLabel; procedure BtnAddDvdsClick(Sender: TObject); procedure BtnExitClick(Sender: TObject); private { Private declarations } public { Public declarations } end; var FmAddNewDvd: TFmAddNewDvd; DVDid:integer; implementation uses Umenu; {$R *.dfm} procedure TFmAddNewDvd.BtnAddDvdsClick(Sender: TObject); var FmAddNewDvd: TFmAddNewDvd; DVDid:integer; Begin//begin if adofilms.recordcount=0 then//if the number of records in adofilms is 0 then dvdid:=0//give the DVDID as 0 else//otherwise begin//begin adofilms.Open;//open adofilms adofilms.last; dvdid:=adofilms[dvdid];// insert the value of the variable dvdid into the field DVDID in the access table end; DVDid:=DVDid+1;//add 1 to whatever value the variable DVDID is ADOFilms.Append; ADOFilms [DVDId]:=DVDid;//insert the value of the variable dvdid into the field DVDID in the access table ADOFilms [filmtitle]:=LblEdFilmTitle.Text;//whatever is in the field lbledfilmtitle insert this into the field filmtitle in the access table ADOFilms [genre]:=CBgenre.Text; whatever is in the field cbgenre insert this into the field genre in the access table ADOFilms [Length]:=lbledLength.Text; whatever is in the field lbledlength insert this into the field length in the access table ADOFilms [AgeCertificate]:=CBAgeCert.Text; whatever is in the field cbagecert insert this into the field agecertificate in the access table ADOFilms [priceperday]:=LblEdPricePerDay.Text; whatever is in the field lbledpriceperday insert this into the field priceperday in the access table adofilms.post;//send this to the table showmessage (DVD Has Been Added To The Selection)//show this message end; end;//end end; procedure TFmAddNewDvd.BtnExitClick(Sender: TObject); begin fmmenu.show; end; end. unit URentOutaDVD; interface uses Windows, Messages, SysUtils, Variants, Classes, Graphics, Controls, Forms, Dialogs, DBCtrls, DB, ADODB, StdCtrls, Grids, DBGrids, Mask,printers, ExtCtrls; type TFMRentOutaDVD = class(TForm) DSFilms: TDataSource; ADOFilms: TADOTable; ADOMembers: TADOTable; DSMembers: TDataSource; dblkcbxdvd: TDBLookupComboBox; dblkcbxmembers: TDBLookupComboBox; DSLoans: TDataSource; ADOLoans: TADOTable; DBGrid1: TDBGrid; BtnRent: TButton; DBEdit1: TDBEdit; DBEdit2: TDBEdit; Label1: TLabel; Label2: TLabel; ADOQtoomany: TADOQuery; DSquery: TDataSource; LblPrice: TLabel; edPrice: TEdit; DBGrid2: TDBGrid; Button2: TButton; Label4: TLabel; Button1: TButton; DBNavigator1: TDBNavigator; procedure BtnClick(Sender: TObject); procedure Button1Click(Sender: TObject); procedure Button2Click(Sender: TObject); private { Private declarations } public { Public declarations } end; var FMRentOutaDVD: TFMRentOutaDVD; implementation uses UCalcPrice, Umenu; {$R *.dfm} procedure TFMRentOutaDVD.BtnClick(Sender: TObject); var xmem:integer; begin if (dblkcbxmembers.Text=) then//if the contents of dblkcbxmembers is blank then show message please select a member showmessage(Please Select A Member); if (dblkcbxdvd.Text=) then//if dblkcbxdvd is empty then showmessage(Please Select A DVD To Rent Out);//show message pleasae select a DVD if (edPrice.Text=) then//if the edprice field is left blank then showmessage(Please Check The Rental Price Per Day of The DVD On The Table on The Right and Enter This In the Price Of DVD Field);//show the message Please Check The Rental Price Per Day of The DVD On The Table on The Right and Enter This In the Price Of DVD begin Adoloans.open;//open adoloans if adoloans.locate(dvdid,strtoint(DBEdit1.text),[]) then//if the content of dbedit1 is equal to that in the loans table then showmessage(Already on loan)//show the message already on loan else//else begin//begin xmem:= strtoint(dblkcbxmembers.text);// adoqtoomany.Parameters[0].value:=xmem; adoqtoomany.Close; adoqtoomany.Open; if ADOQtoomany.recordcount;=3 then showmessage (You Can Only Borrow A Maximum of 3 DVDs) else begin ADOLoans.Append;//append the loans table ADOloans [memberId]:=strtoint(dblkcbxmembers.text);//add whatever is in the dblkcbmembers field into the field named memberid in the access table called loans ADOloans [DVDid]:=strtoint(dbedit1.text);//add whatver is in dbedit1 to the access table called loans in the field dvdid AdoLoans [DateBorrowed]:=date; AdoLoans [price]:=2*adofilms[priceperday]; AdoLoans [DateBack]:=date+2;//add 2 to the dateback field showmessage(DVD Has Been Rented); Adoloans.post; Adoloans.close; Adoloans.open; end; end; end; end; procedure TFMRentOutaDVD.Button1Click(Sender: TObject); begin fmmenu.show; end; procedure TFMRentOutaDVD.Button2Click(Sender: TObject); var dpmm:integer; begin //now print out confirmation recipet. with printer do begin dpmm:=pagewidth div 210; begindoc; with canvas do begin font.size:=16;//font size to be printed font.name:=comic sans MS;//font type font.style:=[fsbold]; textout(20*dpmm,20*dpmm,K Rentals Recipt **Customer copy**); font.size:=14; font.style:=[]; adoloans.Last; textout(20*dpmm,30*dpmm,Member ID :+dblkcbxmembers.Text); in that position on the paper display member id textout(20*dpmm,40*dpmm,Member Name:+DBEdit2.Text); in that position on the paper display member name textout(20*dpmm,50*dpmm,DVD Tittle :+dblkcbxdvd.text); in that position on the paper display dvd title textout(20*dpmm,60*dpmm,DVD ID :+DBEdit1.text); textout(20*dpmm,70*dpmm,Date Borrowed : +datetostr(adoloans[dateborrowed])); textout(20*dpmm,80*dpmm,Return Date : +datetostr(adoloans[dateback])); textout(20*dpmm,90*dpmm,Price Of DVD : à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ +currtostr(adoloans[price])); showmessage (Recipt Is Being Printed) end; enddoc; end; end; end. unit UReturnedDVDs; interface uses Windows, Messages, SysUtils, Variants, Classes, Graphics, Controls, Forms, Dialogs, DB, ADODB, StdCtrls, Mask, DBCtrls, Grids, DBGrids; type TFmReturnedDvds = class(TForm) BtnRent: TButton; DBGrid1: TDBGrid; Label2: TLabel; DSFilms: TDataSource; ADOFilms: TADOTable; ADOMembers: TADOTable; DSMembers: TDataSource; DSLoans: TDataSource; ADOLoans: TADOTable; dblkcbxmembers: TDBLookupComboBox; DBEdit1: TDBEdit; Label1: TLabel; Label3: TLabel; Button1: TButton; DBEdit2: TDBEdit; Label4: TLabel; procedure dblkcbxmembersClick(Sender: TObject); procedure Button1Click(Sender: TObject); procedure BtnRentClick(Sender: TObject); private { Private declarations } public { Public declarations } end; var FmReturnedDvds: TFmReturnedDvds; implementation uses Umenu; {$R *.dfm} procedure TFmReturnedDvds.BtnRentClick(Sender: TObject); var xmem:string; begin if(dblkcbxmembers.text=) then//if the content of dblkcbmembers is empty showmessage (Please Select A Member)//showmessage please select a member else//otherwise begin//begin xmem:=dblkcbxmembers.text;//if assign dblkcbxmembers to the variable xmem adoloans.locate(memberid,xmem,[]);//loacate the field in access table loans called memberid adoloans.Delete;//then delete that record from the table showmessage (DVD Has Been Returned)//show message DVD has been returned end; end; procedure TFmReturnedDvds.Button1Click(Sender: TObject); begin fmmenu.show; end; procedure TFmReturnedDvds.dblkcbxmembersClick(Sender: TObject); begin begin adofilms.locate(DVDid,dbedit1.Text,[]); // edit1.Text:=adofilms[filmtitle]; end; end; end. unit ULoansOverdue; interface uses Windows, Messages, SysUtils, Variants, Classes, Graphics, Controls, Forms, Dialogs, StdCtrls, DB, Grids, DBGrids,printers, ADODB; type TFmLoansOverdue = class(TForm) ADOQuery1: TADOQuery; DBGrid1: TDBGrid; DSQuery: TDataSource; Button1: TButton; BtnActivateQuery: TButton; Label1: TLabel; Button2: TButton; procedure Button2Click(Sender: TObject); procedure Button1Click(Sender: TObject); procedure BtnActivateQueryClick(Sender: TObject); procedure FormActivate(Sender: TObject); private { Private declarations } public { Public declarations } end; var FmLoansOverdue: TFmLoansOverdue; implementation uses Umenu; {$R *.dfm} procedure TFmLoansOverdue.Button1Click(Sender: TObject); var dpmm,row:integer; begin //now print out confirmation recipet. with printer do begin dpmm:=pagewidth div 210; begindoc; with canvas do begin font.size:=16; font.name:=comic sans MS; font.style:=[fsbold]; textout(05*dpmm,01*dpmm,K Rentals Overdue Loans); font.size:=12; font.style:=[]; adoquery1.open; adoquery1.First; row:=30; textout(08*dpmm,20*dpmm,Member ID ); textout(35*dpmm,20*dpmm,DVD ID ); textout(60*dpmm,20*dpmm,Date Rented ); textout(92*dpmm,20*dpmm,Date Back ); textout(120*dpmm,20*dpmm,Film Title ); textout(180*dpmm,20*dpmm,Loan ID :); while not adoquery1.eof do begin textout(20*dpmm,row*dpmm,inttostr(adoquery1[memberid])); textout(40*dpmm,row*dpmm,inttostr(adoquery1[DVDId])); textout(60*dpmm,row*dpmm,datetostr(adoquery1[Dateborrowed])); textout(90*dpmm,row*dpmm,datetostr(adoquery1[Dateback])); textout(120*dpmm,row*dpmm,adoquery1[FilmTitle]); textout(182*dpmm,row*dpmm,inttostr(adoquery1[LoanID])); adoquery1.next; row:=row+10; showmessage (The List is Being Printed) end; end; enddoc; end; end; procedure TFmLoansOverdue.BtnActivateQueryClick(Sender: TObject); begin ADOQuery1.Active:=true;//actuvates the adoquery1 showmessage (All Overdue Loans Have Been Gathered) end; procedure TFmLoansOverdue.FormActivate(Sender: TObject); begin ADOQuery1.Active:=false; end; procedure TFmLoansOverdue.Button2Click(Sender: TObject); begin fmmenu.show; end; end. User Manual 1. Brief Introduction This system was designed to aid the renting of DVDs at a DVD rental shop. It allows customer details and DVD details to be recorded in a database with a member ID and DVD ID generated and assigned with them. It also allows the user to rent out DVDs to members and while doing so a record is created on who borrowed the DVD and what that DVD was called and also calculates the rental price. After a rental has been made it allows the user to print out a receipt for the customer. It restricts also the number of DVDs a member can borrow and tells the member whether a certain DVD is in stock or not. The system can also generate a list of all the rentals which are overdue so that the user/shop owner can give them a late fine. This list can also be printed out. 2. Installation Instructions To install the system you first insert the CD-R with the system on it into the CD drive and then click on My Computer which looks like this: Clicking on this, will open a window, you then click the CD-Rom drive, this will then show you the contents if the CD-R. Then you copy the.exe file to the local drive. Then create a new folder named DVD Rental System and copy the PrDVDRentalsystem.exe into this folder. Then right click this icon and click on create a shortcut to the desktop. In future you can then use this icon to directly open up the system and use it. Also make sure you have the software Microsoft Access installed on your computer as for this system to function, this is required. 3. Tutorial Guide Setting up a Username and Password Form First of all to have access to the system you will have setup a username and password. This should be carried out when you first run the program. A form like the one below should appear: You then enter the username you want and the password you want. When you have finished choosing you username and password you then click on the Save Username and Password button. This will then save your username and password to the Usernames and Passwords table. Now you will be able to log in to the system. Login Form Now that you have setup a username and password, you can now login to the system by entering your new username and password, which has to be valid into the Login Form. This is displayed below. Main Menu Form Once you have logged into the system with a valid username and password you will see the Main Menu Form, which is displayed below: From this form you will be able to access the different functions of this system by clicking on the buttons which displayed that specific form. These functions/forms include: * Register A Member * Add New DVDs * Rent Out a DVD * Gather Overdue Loans (Note. These functions can only be accessed if you have been cleared through the login page with a valid username and password) Register a Member The register a member function can be accessed by the user via the main menu form by clicking on the register a member button. On this form the user can register a new member with the shop with all the details of that new member, such as forename, surname, address etc saved into the Members table. All the fields that have a * must be entered otherwise the system will not add the data to the database and will display an error message Also if the user wanted to delete a member from the shop, he could do this by using the minus button found on the navigator bar. If the user wanted to return to the main menu, he or she can access this by click on the return to main menu button. . Add New DVDs Form The adding a new DVD function can be accessed by the user via the main menu form by clicking on the Add New DVD button. On this form the user can enter the details of the DVD, such as film title, genre, length etc that they are adding to the existing catalogue and save this in the Films Table If the user wants to remove a DVD from the catalogue they can do this using the minus button found on the navigator bar. If the Film title field and the Price per Day field arent entered an error message will pop up asking the user to enter these fields as they are mandatory. Rent Out a DVD Form If a user wanted to rent out a DVD to a member, this form should be accessed via the main menu. The user should then select the ID of the member who wishes to borrow a DVD and also select the ID of the DVD the member wishes to borrow. This can be selected in the combo boxes on the form. The user should enter the rental price of that DVD by gaining the price information of that DVD using the grid on the right. This outlines to the user how much a certain DVD is going to cost the member to borrow. Once a member ID and DVD ID has been selected then the user should click on the Rent button. This button will save the details to the Loans table and a receipt can be printed and given to the member using the Print button. If the member who wishes to borrow a DVD has 3 DVDs already on loan then he or she cannot borrow any more DVDs until those DVDs are brought back to the shop and the loan record deleted. Also if a specific DVD is already on loan to another member then a message will pop up to tell the user that this DVD is Already on Loan. Return DVD Form This function is used when a member returns a DVD back to the shop. The user selects the ID of that member from the combo box and then clicks on the Return button. This button then removes the record for that loan from the Loans table. Loans Overdue Form This function can be used by the user to gather a list of all the loans which are overdue so that the user can fine the member who has not brought back the DVD on time. The list can be gathered using Click to gather a list of all overdue loans. The list can then be printed off. 4. Error Messages This error message occurs if the user has entered the wrong username or password or an unauthorised person is trying to log into the system. If this error message occurs then the user should make sure that he or she has entered the correct username and password. This error message pops up when the user hasnt typed in the film title of the DVD he is trying to add to the catalogue. To solve this he should enter the title of the DVD into that field. This error message is displayed when a member who wants to borrow a DVD already has a maximum of 3 DVDs on loan so he or she cannot borrow anymore DVDs until they have brought those back. To overcome this problem the user must get the member to bring that DVD and return it to the shop. This error message is displayed when the user tries to rent out a DVD to a member that is already on loan. Feasibility of potential Solution There a number of alternative solutions to come up with a suitable solution for this problem. These can include: Program solution I could come up with a bespoke program for the shop clerk to use. This could be programmed using Delphi which I have decent knowledge of. I could create menus with buttons and use text boxes for entering data. I could then create files of records to store data which could then be manipulated. The advantages of using Delphi are: * Increased flexibility allowing me to be able to fulfil the user requirements more easily. * The user interfaces can be very similar to the widely used windows style * Files can be created to store data * Hint messages and error messages are available to help when errors occur. * Formatted designs can be designed and printed easily. * The user doesnt need to buy the software, the .exe file can just be saved The disadvantages of using Delphi are: * You need to have a decent knowledge of the programming language to be able to be able to come up with an efficient solution * Takes longer to do the file handling * More error prone with incorrect syntaxs in code Application Package The problem could be tackled using a database package such as Microsoft Access. The software would have bought and installed on the system though. I could create table and link them with key fields. Then create forms and use them as the user interface, they would have buttons on them to access the next form. The menu form would be created using a switchboard The advantages of using Access are: * Can add and delete data easily * Can link tables together using foreign keys * Data entry is simplified using forms * Quicker access to data using indexing The disadvantages of using Access are: * :limited programming capabilities * Les control on how the system will look visually * Limitations to control how the files of records are handled. Have e to specify certain criteria * The user would also need to buy the software rights to use th system which is costly. Mix of Delphi and Access I could use both an application package and a software developing program. This will allow me to use the benefits of both solutions. * Setup tables in Access and relate to the Delphi program * Create fields and adjust them easily in Access, an also create validation rules. * It will give me more contrail with the Delphi programming language to carry out complicated tasks. * More freedom with display and layout of the program in Delphi. * Dont have to worry about complex file handling The disadvantages: * Will still need to purchase a copy of Microsoft Access * Need to know how to link both programs together Justification of Chosen Solution The solution Ive decided to use is to use both the software developing program together with Microsoft Access. I reached my decision after concluding with the shop clerk who said this was the better than the other 2 solutions. Using this solution will give me more control on the size and layout of the system. It will give me the opportunity to make it user friendly and make it easier to use. Delphi will allow me to use more programming code and I will be able create much more complicated processes using this programming language. Using an application package would give me limited control on the layout and structure of the program which in turn will reduce the user friendliness of the system, but how ever this could be overcome this using Delphi. I can use the application package to easily create related tables with the required fields and then link them to the Delphi program. I will need to create tables which will store member details, DVD details, and Loan details. Handling the tab les and validating is easier and simpler in Access. I can use the inbuilt validation options in Access to make sure data is valid before its stored in the tables. So in conclusion I think using a mix of Access and Delphi I will be able to come up with a solution which best meets the users requirements.

M4A2 Leadership and Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

M4A2 Leadership and Ethics - Essay Example Given the constraints on time, three members of the Executive Committee of TESCO were interviewed. These members were Laurie McIlwee, Matt Atkinson and Alison Horner. Laurie McIlwee serves as TESCO’s Chief Financial Officer, a highly critical position for any business operation in the modern economy. McIlwee has a well rounded career with sizable foreign exposure in the United States, Middle East, Central Europe and the United Kingdom. The interviewee was chosen for his decision making proximity to Clarke. Matt Atkinson currently serves as TESCO’s Chief Marketing Officer and presents a diverse career ranging from service in Asia to the United Kingdom. Atkinson is in constant contact with Clarke, especially in order to deal with any ethical controversies that may arise out of the group’s actions. Alison Horner is currently serving as TESCO’s Group Personnel Director with her initial joining in 1999 as a Personnel Manager in TESCO. Horner has witnessed the g rowth of Clarke over the years from his previous positions to the current position of Group Chief Executive. 1. Describe the ethical issue faced by the organization and explain how your chosen leader handled it. Do you agree with the individual's strategies for resolving the issue? TESCO is one of the United Kingdom’s largest retail operations and has found itself in various ethical dilemmas over time. It has been argued that TESCO has developed a supply chain network that forces other competitors to the ground and does not allow new competition to enter the market. The allegations were investigated by the Office of Fair Trading (OFT) but the possibility of TESCO’s monopoly was rebuked although there were concerns of TESCO’s large footprint in the industry (Office of Fair Trading, 2006). The organization’s leader allowed an investigation to take place without using any political influence or other forms of coercion. The investigation was carried out throu ghout the United Kingdom for all major retailers. The organizational leader ensured that all and any kind of information requested for the investigation was provided impromptu. In addition, TESCO has come under fire time and again for using suppliers exploiting cheap Bengali labor. TESCO’s suppliers are using labor that is paid roughly five pence every hour for an eighty hour week without any perks or benefits on the job (Ramesh, 2006). The allegations were not merely restricted to TESCO but to all major retailers operating in the United Kingdom (Label, 2006). In response to allegations of labor exploitation, TESCO’s leadership responded by stating that their suppliers were meeting the minimum national standards enforced in Bangladesh. The organization’s leader opined that all legal rules and guidelines were being met by both TESCO and its suppliers in Bangladesh so it did not make any sense to call these transactions as unethical. Moreover, the organizational l eader held that TESCO was providing jobs for millions in Bangladesh which was aiding poverty alleviation in Bangladesh. Criticism has also been diverted towards TESCO on the issue of misleading price cuts projected through misleading advertisements. In order to bolster sales, TESCO reduced prices on unpopular items and slightly increased prices on popular items but advertised the overall sale as being uniform for all goods. In addition, TESCO’s buy one and get one free offers are speculated to increase wastage with special emphasis on food

Marketing Products Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Marketing Products - Assignment Example On the other hand, the company also ensures that its product is of high quality in order for other consumers to purchase its products as opposed to those of the competitors. Therefore, the key product offered is beer. The product has been the key product for the company for a number of years now. However, in order for the company to diversify the number of customers that it serves, it also includes other beverages in order to accommodate customers who might not be comfortable with drinking beer. However, the company manufactures beer only while it outsources the other beverages. The major characteristic of beer is that it requires a large number of raw materials such as sugar and water. Water is one scarce commodity that is very costly to the company since; it is not readily available. In addition, the sales of beer are also characterized by seasonal changes. For instance, the sales are always at peak during end month, and low pick during mid-month. This is due to the fact that; indi viduals tend to overspend when they have a lot money at their disposal. Beer is also a product that is not easy to market, this is because; it is not every individual in the society who takes beer. The service component that is associated with the product offered by BERVET is mainly entertainment. The company ensures that its customers are well entertained by the drinks that they serve. The company mainly promotes entertainment to promote its products to the customers. Therefore, customers will be mainly attracted to purchase the goods in search of entertainment. Therefore, entertainment is like an additional service that is offered to the consumers who purchase beer that is manufactured by BERVET. The service will greatly aid in enhancing the product through attracting the number of persons that purchase beer for the company. This way, the company will be able to also attract customers who do not take beer. Thus, other beverages offered will also have obtained market through the se rvice. The service will also help in creating appositive image for the product. This is because; the company will be able to compete well with its competitors since; customers will find services that are not available from the competitors. Therefore, when more customers are attracted, the company’s sales will increase by a large amount (Wood,  2003). Currently, BERVET Company has already developed more than 5 product lines. However, the company can still be able to expand its product line in order to increase its sales of beer. This will be mainly through innovation. The company could come with new ideas of brewing different types of beers. This way, it will be able to come up with different types of products. Expanding of the product line can be done in terms of gender, age and income earning range. This is where by, individuals of different age groups will be targeted differently from individuals of different age groups. In addition, persons earning different levels of in come will be targeted differently. This will also be accomplished through innovation since; the company could come up with expensive products that will be meant to specifically target people that earn high incomes. In terms of depth, the company could increase its product line by targeting a large number of persons to purchase its commodities (Wood,  2003). In addition, it could also increase the depth of its customers by increasing the size of the market, and the amount of