History of Baseball - 1338 Words

The 1952 World Series began with the Brooklyn Dodgers and the New York Yankees. The World Series goes to the team to first reach four wins through seven games, the best of the teams wins. In this occasion, the New York Yankees defeated the Brooklyn Dodgers four games to three. Baseball today has many changes from 1952, such as team names. Todays World Series consist of the St. Louis Cardinals and Boston Red Sox, in which the Boston Red Sox defeated the St. Louis Cardinals four games to two. Baseball is Americas past time, some of the greatest players played in the past of baseball. What is Baseball? Baseball is a sport that is played between two teams and nine players on each team, baseball is a bat and ball game that last for nine†¦show more content†¦The new rules of modern day baseball involved the ability to steal bases, how the fields were built, and how many players are allowed on one team in the MLB. Bat sizes along with pitchers mounds have been changed as well for n ew requirements in the MLB. The new rules also allowed a batter to take a free base when hit by a pitch, or when taken four balls out of the strike zone. Many changes have been changed since starting the game until todays game, such as, instead of a team winning when one side scored twenty-one aces, a team today wins by scoring the most runs through nine innings of baseball. In 1858, strikes were introduced and now batters could get called out on strikes. In 1863 the bat size regulation was introduced, someone had to have a required size bat to play. Batting averages were introduced in 1865 along with the batter being able to call a low or high pitch in 1867. The most recent rule was in 2008 when the MLB added limited instant reply to be in affect for all games, this started August 29, 2008. In todays baseball, there are rules in which a limited amount of players can be on a team, and all the extra players go to either free agency or go to double-AA or triple-AAA. The save rule was finally changed in 1975 along with the suspension of players using bats that are filled, flattened, or doctored. There have been many Home Run leaders throughout the years of Baseball. The leaders have hit many home runs to be in this group, some have hit asShow MoreRelatedHistory of Baseball Worldwide1210 Words   |  5 PagesTo some, Baseball is just a sport, but to others, baseball is a way of life. In the United States, but young kids mostly coming from a Hispanic country and tend to do nothing except eat, sleep, and breathe the sport of baseball. The importance of the sport gives those kids a chance to make something to look forward to in their lives. The reason why parents push their kids so hard with baseball is so that those kids can have a chance to escape their life of poverty that their parents went throughRead More Baseball and Its History Essay2396 Words   |  10 Pages Baseball is an immensely popular American game, known as the national pastime, played between two teams of nine players each. The basic implements used in the game are a leather-covered ball, wooden bats for hitting the ball, and gloves for catching it. Baseball is played on a large scale in Latin America, Japan, and other places besides the United States, but it is in the United States that it thrives both as a participants and spectators sport. It is played at its highest level inRead MoreEssay on The History of Baseball2347 Words   |  10 PagesThe History of Baseball Baseball in America is about as common as alcohol in college , it is everywhere and participated by everyone. Children and adults play baseball in small towns and large cities and professionals play it throughout the country. The game of baseball is Americas pastime and it popularity is enormous. The beginning of the 20th century between the 1930s sparked the emergenceRead MoreThe Unique History Of The Negro Baseball Leagues1379 Words   |  6 Pagesessay we will take a look at the unique history of the Negro Baseball Leagues. We will discuss how they were an integral part of the African American culture and what they meant to their communities. We will also discuss some of the more famous players of the Negro Leagues as well as take a look at what the impact of Jackie Robinson being the first African American to be signed to a professional Major League team was and how it affected the future of baseball. Black American men were banned fromRead MoreHistory of Baseball Informative Speech Essay913 Words   |  4 Pagesknow the odds of a fan getting hit by a baseball are 300,000 to 1? And did u know the shortest baseball player that ever played was recorded to be 3 feet and 7 inches? These are interesting facts I stumbled upon research, but I bet most of you did not know. There are many interesting facts that people like you and I don’t know about baseball throughout its history. Have you ever asked yourself where did baseball come from, who created it, or even ask what baseball went through in the past to receiveRead MoreHistory and Importance of Baseball in the US Essay1763 Words   |  8 PagesBaseball is an American icon. It is the Statue of Liberty, the bald eagle, ‘In God We Trust,’ Mount Rushmore, ice cream, apple pie, hot dogs, and rally monkeys. BASEBALL IS AMERICA.† At one time baseball held the hearts and captivated the minds of the majority of the United States of America with its luster and almost magical exuberance. It exerted this on minds of young children and all the way up to old men and women in America. Americans fell in love with the scent of ballpark hotdogs and theRead MoreThe Economic History of Major League Baseball1903 Words   |  8 Pagesï » ¿Baseball is considered Americas pastime as it is steeped in history and prestige. However, due in part to the emergence of alternative sporting events such as skateboarding, snowboarding and competitive biking, the profits previously garnered within the industry are not growing as fast as they once where. In fact, in many instances, individual player salaries are outpacing the growth of ticket and television revenue. Table 1 within the appendix was constructed by Michael J. Haupert, a professorRead MoreBaseball Player Babe Ruths Contribution to American History1022 Words   |  4 PagesAlabama in 1965, which gained international publicity for the civil rights movement and led to the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965. These were the most important pieces of civil rights legislation in U.S. history and two key parts of Lyndon Johnsons Great Society agenda. King later broke with Johnson openly over the Vietnam War, which other mainstream civil rights leaders were very reluctant to do, and was assassinated in Memphis in 1968, where he had goneRead MoreBook Report on Baseball: A History of Americas Game by Benjamin G. Rader 1036 Words   |  5 PagesBook Report on Baseball: A History of Americas Game by Benjamin G. Rader In Baseball: A History of Americas Game, the Author Benjamin G. Rader discusses the history of baseball and how it developed to present day. Rader explainsRead MoreBook Review: Playing for Keeps: a History of Early Baseball, 20th Anniversary Edition725 Words   |  3 PagesKeeps: A History of Early Baseball, 20th Anniversary Edition The development of sports from their early stages, their metamorphosis and evolution to their current form and status is one of the most interesting areas of study. Unfortunately, most writers on such subjects only concentrate on the sport itself and players without exploring other ulterior factors that influence the development of a sport such as the emotional, economic and social environment. The book, Playing for Keeps: A History of Early

Genetic Engineering - 1896 Words

Genes are, basically, the blueprints of our body which are passed down from generation to generation. Through the exploration of these inherited materials, scientists have ventured into the recent, and rather controversial, field of genetic engineering. It is described as the artificial modification of the genetic code of a living organism, and involves the manipulation and alteration of inborn characteristics by humans (Lanza). Like many other issues, genetic engineering has sparked a heated debate. Some people believe that it has the potential to become the new miracle tool of medicine. To others, this new technology borders on the realm of immorality, and is an omen of the danger to come, and are firmly convinced that this human†¦show more content†¦Of the 23 patients in the study 12 were able to stay off insulin therapy for three years, and eight needed only occasional insulin treatments during the five-year study period and on average, the patients did not require insul in injections for nearly three years (Wekesser 50). Perhaps the most well-known objection to the use stem cell technology is the fact that an embryo must be destroyed in order to create embryonic stem cells (Sandel 20). The destruction of embryos to create stem cells has led to a heated back-and-forth debate between scientists and critics on such matters as what qualifies as a human being and when an organism begins deserving rights. In their argument against the use of embryonic stem cells opponents often claim that the use of adult stem cells from sources such as umbilical cord blood has consistently produced more promising results than the use of embryonic stem cells as well as that adult stem cell research may be able to make greater advances if less money and resources were channeled into embryonic stem cell research. In addition, to date, embryonic stem cells have never been used successfully in any therapies (Sandel 23). However, stem cell researchers have argued that a days-old embryo does not qualify as a human being as it is merely a collection of cells that aren’tShow MoreRelatedGenetic Engineering ( Genetic Modification )991 Words   |  4 PagesRevised HOMEWORK 1 (a) Genetic engineering (genetic modification) is a process by which an organism’s genome can be modified using various biotechnology techniques. The process involves manipulating the DNA of an organism or transferring genes into an organism to create a new and improved version. DNA sequences of certain organisms are inserted into different organisms or within the same organism to help us obtain favorable outcomes. Genetic engineering can be used to increase the disease resistanceRead MoreGenetic Engineering And Human Engineering3020 Words   |  13 PagesGenetic engineering is a highly debated topic across the world right now as countries are split for and against genetically altering crops and livestock. The simple definition for genetic engineering according to CSIRO is â€Å"The use of modern biotechnology techniques to change genes of an organism, such as plant or animal.†(CSIRO, 2007) The techniques or steps to genetic engineering are quite technical. The first stage of genetic engineering is to isolate the DNA from the organism. Once the DNA strandRead MoreGenetic Engineering In Our Food.. Genetic Engineering,1514 Words   |  7 PagesGenetic Engineering in Our Food Genetic Engineering, more accurately referred to as â€Å"Bioballistics† a process where a small metal projectile is covered in plasmid DNA is fired at a small petri dish where Germ Cells of another organism awaits. The disruption of the cells delicate state causes destabilization, and the cells stabilize elements from both the fired DNA and the Germ cells merge. This process did not exist until quite recently, between the years 1983 and 1986 the first Gene Gun was developedRead MoreThe Process Of Genetic Engineering2336 Words   |  10 PagesWhat is genetic engineering? ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.1 History of genetic modified food--------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.2 The process of genetic engineering in crop (plant) --------------------------------------------- 2.0 Genetic modified crops worldwide----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2.1 Leading countries implementing genetic engineering------------------------------------------Read MoreGenetic Engineering Of A Food979 Words   |  4 PagesGenetic Engineering Agitation Imagine a world where medicines are taken by eating bananas, there are no shots, where tomatoes outlive frosts, plants are pesticide resistant, and one can get their recommended daily vitamins from rice. These occurrences are real, and they have succeeded. Scientist who study biotechnology use genetic engineering to create healthier and longer lasting food. This new technology is evolutionary and has many benefits, but it also has downfalls. Genetic engineering, or geneticallyRead MoreWhat Are Genetic Engineering?1634 Words   |  7 Pagesstrategies include endowment of nutrient supplements, enrichment of processed foods to contain more nutrient content, and enhancement of staple crops with increases essential nutrient contents, known as biofortification (Zhu et al., 2007). Genetic engineering (GE) has proven to be the consistent approach for biofortification due to the limitless diversity available within the specific gene pools of the staple foods and can, therefore, be implemented directly to cultivars without the complex breedingRead MoreGenetic Engineering : Science And The Economy1495 Words   |  6 Pagesordered main course would preferably be prepared baked, fried, or genetically engineered. Though odd, this question is coming sooner than later. Even though genetic engineering has been around for a long time, due to its increased advances, no longer is it an ignored issue. In fact, it is causing quite a controversy. Some feel, genetic engineering is a scientist s way of playing God, creating elements and bodies that were not intended to be on Earth. Possibly, there is some truth to this belief;Read MoreGenetic Engineering : Genetic Modification1518 Words   |  7 Pageswrite my paper about Genetic engineering also known as genetic modifi cation. In a nutshell genetic engineering is the modification of an organism s genetic composition by artificial means, often involving the transfer of specific traits, or genes, from one organism into a plant or animal of an entirely different species. This topic has been researched for decades but still has quite some time to be fully mastered in all possible circumstances. When I think of genetic engineering I think of differentRead More Genetic Engineering Essay example2745 Words   |  11 PagesGenetic Engineering There are many risks involved in genetic engineering. The release of genetically altered organisms in the environment can increase human suffering, decrease animal welfare, and lead to ecological disasters. The containment of biotechnological material in laboratories and industrial plants contributes to the risk of accidental release, especially if the handling and storage are inadequate. The purely political dangers include intensified economic inequality, the possibilityRead MoreThe Genetic Engineering of Human Food1924 Words   |  8 Pages Genetic Engineering refers to the direct manipulation of the genetic information of living beings. The genes, embedded in the DNA, are the blueprints of life which determine particular traits in an organism. With Biotechnology, Genetic Engineers are able to replace these genes from one organism to another, resulting in completely new combinations of traits which do not occur in nature. These Genetically Modified Organisms are artificially enhanced to express desired characteristics that are useful

Developmental Psychology Biology and Cognition

Question: Discuss about the term for Developmental Psychology for Biology and Cognition. Answer: Developmental psychology involves the scientific approach that aims to elucidate the changes in adults and children overtime. Within this discipline, different theories focus upon childhood development, as this period concerns most of the changes in the lifespan of an individual. This essay aims to focus how the different perspectives are concerned to explain the development of morals and intelligence. In addition, it will analyze and evaluate the different studies of research concerning the intellectual and moral development of children. The development of children occurring from birth to gaining maturity has been ignored in the past. They were simply observed as a smaller version of grown-up individuals. The children received a little attention with respect to several advances in the usage of language, physical growth and cognitive abilities that are associated with childhood and teenage years A number of psychologists and other researchers have given the proposition of different theories of child development in order to provide a description regarding the stages and processes that children undergo during their development. The theory of Cognitive Development by famous psychologist Jean Piaget explains the development of intelligence as one matures. Intellectual development occurs as a result of many transformations in a child. The cognitive development takes place by means of an interaction with the actions of the environment and continues through different stages (Carey and Gelman 2014). It involves four stages of life. The sensory motor stage (0-2 years old) is the phase starting from birth to the time when children acquire new language. In this phase children reacts to sensory experience like what he sees or hears. They catch reflexes like grasping, stepping, etc and by the end of this phase, they develop the understanding of permanency of objects (Inhelder et al. 2014 ). This stage is followed by preoperational stage (2-7 years old) in which child express things through the use of words, drawing and pictures. The children acquire mental reasoning skills in this stage and they conserve the knowledge acquired in this phase. In the concrete operational stage (7-11 years old), child learns to use all logic appropriately and they can classify and sort objects according to its variations. The age above 11 years and beyond is the formal operational stage when children learn abstract thinking skills and they rationalize things hypothetically. They can now analyze problems as well as test different solutions to the problem. (Sigelman and Rider 2014). Piaget had a belief that the developmental process occurs by the removal of restrictions from the thinking of children. Therefore, he has utilized the word, Schema. A schema refers to the cognitive or mental structures with the help of which individuals are able to adapt and organize with their surroundings or environments (O'Donnell and King 2014). Piagets theory also included the concept of accommodation and assimilation. His view was that there are pre-existing cognitive schemas in each individual. It is because of the process of assimilation that persons try to take the new information that is known to them and they try to assimilate it within their cognitive patterns. On the other hand, process of accommodation occurs when individuals change their cognitive patterns according to the information they collect from the environment and in this way they fit the information into their schemas (Cohen Salapatek 2013). According to Wads worth (1996), during the birth of children, they have a small number of schemata, they develop it gradually, and in the later stages, it becomes differentiated and generalized. However, he has argued that schema do not possess physical counterparts, are not evident and are hypothetical. It has been speculated by Piaget that children are born with simple schemas such reflexes like sucking which is activated only when they come in association with certain things (Edelstein et al. 2014). On the other hand, Kohlberg came with the theory of moral development in children. He modified Piagets two-stage theory of moral development and explained how children develop moral reasoning as they grow. Kohlberg theory suggested moral development occurs thorough out one lifespan. In the preconventional morality stage, children see obedience as a means to escape punishment and then they move to individualism approach. This means they now judge actions on the basis of how it is useful for an individual (Kurtines et al. 2014). The second level in moral development is conventional morality involving stages like interpersonal relationship and maintaining social order. In this morality means living up to social expectations and the focus is on marinating interpersonal relationship. When persons morality develops further, the focus is on welfare of society as a whole when making judgments. So people tend to follow rules and regulations. As one advance further in morality, Kohlberg propos ed the stage of social contract and universal principle in post-conventional morality. In this stage people began to consider different values and opinions of people. His final level of moral reasoning depicts following universal ethical principles and abstract reasoning (Gibbs 2013). Another input regarding social development theory was given by Lev Vygotsky in 1978. He stressed the importance of social interaction in the development of cognitive skill. While Piaget stated that childrens development must precede learning, but Vygotsky argues that social learning comes before development (Hala 2013). He gave more emphasis on culture having an impact of on cognitive development. Piagets cognitive development was universal for all cultures, but Vygotsky regarded that cognitive development varies across cultures (Crain 2015). Piaget has been criticized for underestimating the role of social factors in cognitive development. Vygotsky stated that cognitive development in children occurs from guided learning through social interaction and gaining knowledge from different groups in society. Piaget had just stated that development arise from independent exploration in which they children develop their own knowledge without any impact from society. But it cannot be denied that the environment in which children grows has a lot of influence on their thinking and learning pattern. He also emphasized an important role of language in cognitive development which Piaget had not explained in his theory (Doise et al. 2013). According to Vygotsky, cognitive development arises from adaptation of language. Children thought and language is separate systems in their life which merges at the age of 2-3 years leading to verbal thought and inner speech. He also stressed that adults are also an important source of cognitive development in children as they transmit their cultural values and intellectual thinking to children as they grow up. On the other hand Piaget thought that peer to peer interaction lead to intellectual development (Velasquez et al. 2013). Infants are born with basic skills for intellectual development. Piaget focuses on motor reflexes and sensory abilities, but Lev Vygotskyy referred to elementary mental function in child development such as attention, sensation, perception and memory. For example memory in young children is dependent on biological factors, but childrens culture determines what type of strategy they adopt for building memory. In some culture there is emphasis on taking notes to aid memory, while in some societies, people tie knots or carry pebbles to remember. Other examples of intellectual adaptation tools are memory mnemonics and mind maps (Carr, 2015). Another important principle of cognitive development is the zone of proximal development. It implies that difference between what a child can achieve on their own and what they can achieve with guidance and encouragement from a learned adult (Saxe2015).For example if a child of 3-4 years is given to solve a jigsaw puzzle, he cannot do it himself, but he is able to do following instructions from his father. So in this the father has developed the skills of his child so that he can apply these skills in future jigsaw puzzles. Lantolf et al. (2015) conducted a study in which children had to place furniture in a doll house. At the same time the researcher also studied another group of children who performed the same activity but with the help of their mothers. The zone of proximal development is when they did the task with their mothers, while Piaget developmental learning was seen in those children who tried to do the task themselves. It was found that children who place furniture in th e dolls with the help of their mothers showed great improved in their task compared to their first attempt in completing the task. Thus, the study finally concluded that guided learning with the zone of proximal development lead to improvement in performance or an activity (Smith et al., 2015). From the overall study on moral and intellectual development in chidren, one concluded that development of children occurring from birth to gaining maturity has been ignored in the past. Later in the future various theories have been illustrated and studies have been made on child development. Different psychologists have given various theories based on child psychology such as Piaget, Wads, Kohlberg, etc. Analysis of these theories has shown that moral and intellectual development is influenced by many factors in society. As a child grows up and matures, they acquire different level of cognitive skills. Comparison of Piagets and Vygstksy s theory also gave an idea that social interaction is also an important part of moral and intellectual development in child. Therefore children cognitive development is dependent not only on their own thinking and learning pattern but also on interaction with other members of society. References Carey, S. and Gelman, R., 2014.The epigenesis of mind: Essays on biology and cognition. Psychology Press. Carr, A., 2015.The handbook of child and adolescent clinical psychology: A contextual approach. Routledge. Cohen, L. B., Salapatek, P. (Eds.). (2013).Infant perception: From sensation to cognition: Basic visual processes(Vol. 1). Academic Press. Crain, W., 2015.Theories of development: Concepts and applications. Psychology Press. Doise, W., Mugny, G., James, A.S., Emler, N. and Mackie, D., 2013.The social development of the intellect(Vol. 10). Elsevier. Edelstein, W., Keller, M. and Schrder, E., 2014. Child development and social structure: A longitudinal study of individual differences.Paul B. Baltes/David L. Featherman/Richard M. Lerner: Life-span development and behavior. Bd,10, pp.151-185. Gibbs, J.C., 2013.Moral development and reality: Beyond the theories of Kohlberg, Hoffman, and Haidt. Oxford University Press. Hala, S., 2013.The development of social cognition. Psychology Press. Inhelder, B., Sinclair, H. and Bovet, M., 2014.Learning and the Development of Cognition (Psychology Revivals). Psychology Press. Kurtines, W.M., Gewirtz, J. and Lamb, J.L., 2014.Handbook of Moral Behavior and Development: Volume 1: Theory. Psychology Press. Lantolf, J.P., Thorne, S.L. and Poehner, M.E., 2015. Sociocultural theory and second language development.Theories in second language acquisition: An introduction, pp.207-226. O'Donnell, A.M. and King, A. eds., 2014.Cognitive perspectives on peer learning. Routledge. Saxe, G.B., 2015.Culture and cognitive development: Studies in mathematical understanding. Psychology Press. Sigelman, C.K. and Rider, E.A., 2014.Life-span human development. Cengage Learning. Smith, P.K., Cowie, H. and Blades, M., 2015.Understanding children's development. John Wiley Sons. Velasquez, A., West, R., Graham, C. and Osguthorpe, R., 2013. Developing caring relationships in schools: a review of the research on caring and nurturing pedagogies.Review of education,1(2), pp.162-190.

Innovation and Entrepreneurship Frucor Company in New Zealand

Question: Discuss about the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Frucor Beverage Company in New Zealand. Answer: Business Description The proposed business plan is an expansion of an existing business for Frucor, a beverage manufacturing company in New Zealand. Frucor primarily manufactures drinks for the customers of New Zealand. As commented by Boons Ludeke-Freund (2013), in order to sustain in this competitive business market, business organisation needs to continuously keep on implementing innovative ideas in their business. According to Schaltegger, Ludeke-Freund Hansen (2012), innovation will provide an opportunity to create a unique image in the customers eye and stand out among the companies of the same sector. Among the already existing products of Frucor, the company is thinking of launching a healthier option of the drinks. The business emphasises on manufacturing drinks that has less sugar content and has less or no percentage of alcohol. Therefore, the company is focusing on launching ciders that are completely made of different types of fruits. The business emphasises on manufacturing range of ciders made of fruits for the targeted customers of New Zealand. This will provide an opportunity for the customers to obtain a healthier alternative for drinks. As mentioned by Pomeranz, Munsell Harris (2013), recently, customers are becoming more health orientated thereby, looking for healthier drinks. According to Moodie et al., (2013), as a result, the business of carbonated drinks and drinks with artificial additives are losing their potential markets. Therefore, Frucor will emphasise on manufacturing ciders that are comparatively healthier thereby, brining innovation within their business. The launch of ciders is an innovative idea for the already existing business of Frucor. The most significant feature of the ciders is they are non-pasteurised and contains no artificially added preservatives. The ciders manufactured by Frucor will also lack concentrates and sugar content. These features were significantly visible in the previous products of Frucos thereby, making them less healthy. As mentioned by Anand Sati (2013), beverages containing higher sugar content and preservatives are harmful for individuals as it affects the bones making them weaker with age. Moreover, such high-level of sugar content also causes fattening among individuals with higher consumption rate of such drinks (Beezhold, Johnston Nochta, 2014). Frucor will use cold-pressed fruits for creating preservative-free, raw and unpasteurised natural ciders. Moreover, Frucor can also use wild ferment and barrel age in order to infuse locally available fruits into the ciders while manufacturing. This will provide an opportunity for Frucor to create natural, funky and most delicious ciders for the customers. The new product of Frucor is innovative because of the way of manufacturing and the properties of the product. Moreover, as the product is manufactured keeping in mind the present demand of the people of New Zealand, it is also considered to be innovative. Market and Environmental Analysis According to the current market of New Zealand, the population are looking for healthier alternatives for drinks. As mentioned by Martin-Moreno et al., (2013), many customers prefer healthy beverages compared to fizzy drinks and alcopops. It can be seen that New Zealand target market is willing to pay comparatively more money for a product that is authentic and high quality. As asserted by Kregiel (2015), over the years customers have become more health oriented and are willing to pay more for a product that is healthy and tasty simultaneously. Therefore, the according to the present demands of the customers for opting for healthier drinks, manufacturing naturally processed drinks will be beneficial. The economy of New Zealand has taken a leap over the past few years making thereby, signifying stable economic condition of the country ("Medium-term Outlook from June 2017 to 2020 - Budget Economic and Fiscal Update 2016 ", 2017). Therefore, this highlights that the population of New Ze aland have considerable spending power. The potential customers for the new product in New Zealand are the young adults and adults. New Zealand has many international students and working professionals from all over the world. Therefore, the population of young adults and adults are comparatively more. Moreover, the young population seems to be more health conscious thereby, increasing the chances of sales for the new product (Gallan et al., 2013). Therefore, Frucor targets individuals customers as interacting with the customers individually will help in easily convincing the customers. As commented by Weske (2012), the stakeholders are defined as the number of people associated with the company for operation and production of the business. The stakeholders of the business can affect or get affected by the actions of the organisation (Fassin, 2012). Primary and secondary stakeholders of the company determine the success of the company (Turner Zolin, 2012). Therefore, the different stakeholders of Frucor are: Employees Managers Owners Suppliers Customers Society Government Creditors Shareholders Trade unions Investors (Lamin Zaheer, 2012) The other competitors in the market of New Zealand are Montheith and Zeffer that imposes threat for Frucor. Both Montheith and Zeffer are in the business of manufacturing ciders much before than Frocor. This is an added advantage for them as they have already established them in the New Zealand market and has built a strong customer base. The marketing strategy used by Montheith is innovative and new as they use apps and games for attracting the customers. For example, Montheith created a computer hunting game in which the customers has to find the final key for entering the warehouse by using a visual map. As commented by Festl, Scharkow Quandt (2013), hunting games in computers attract users in this technology driven age. Therefore, such a marketing strategy helped in gaining huge customer attention for Montheith ("Monteith's | Stoppress", 2017). Moreover, an increase in the demand of wines among the population, the sales of Montheiths has increased by almost 14% in 2014 ("Monteit h's brews export success - Business - NZ Herald News", 2017). Zeffer Cider Co. is another cider company in New Zealand with an established and large customer base. Even Zeffer Cider Co. has implemented interactive and digital marketing strategies over the years to attract the customers. Report suggests, with 26 days remaining, Zeffer Cider Co. has achieved $1.2 million within 5 days. This suggests their strong marketing and operational strategy and hold over the market ("Zeffer cider achieves $1.2 million capital target in just five days", 2017). The drink launched by Frucor is non-pasteurised, contains less sugar content and are produced naturally. This is a creative contribution developed by Frucor keeping in the the present demand of the customers of New Zealand. The beneficial properties of the drink will make it stand out and create an impression in the eye of the customers as they are more health oriented. This will act as a competitive advantage for Frucor. Financial Aspects Start-up Requirements Start-up Expenses Fixed Costs Particulars Amount ($) Premises Rent $5,000 Employee Salaries $50,000 Variable Cost Promotion $3,500 Advertisement Cost $2,500 Sales and Marketing $1,800 Logistics $2,500 Others Pre-Opening expenses $1,250 Total Start up Expense $66,550 Average Monthly Cost Rent $417 Employee Salaries $4,167 Total Average Monthly Costs $4,583 x Number of Months: 12 Total yearly Costs $55,000 Total Start-up Expenses $121550 The new business plan for launching a healthy drink and implementing the innovative idea, Frucor requires an estimated budget. Based on this estimated budget, Frucor will plan their overall business plan. The basic particulars of a start-up business are fixed costs, variable costs and average monthly costs. The fixed costs of the business start-up for Frucor includes rent for the premises along with the salary for the employees. In order to manufacture the drink the company requires a particular place to set up the production machineries. For this renting a place is essential. Moreover, the operation of the machineries requires suitable and trained employees. Therefore, salary of the employees working in the factory is needs to be considered. The variable cost constitutes of the logistics, sales and marketing, advertisement and promotional strategies. The logistics for Frucor includes the entire supply chainmanagement that includes the suppliers, raw materials, manufacturing, packaging, distribution and transportation. All these aspects of the logistics plays a significant role as logisticsmanagement helps in achieving desired goals with complete strategic planning thereby, minimal use of financial resources. Therefore, proper logisticsmanagement for Frucor will help them in achieving higher results in minimal expenses. Post manufacturing, Frucor needs to market their product exceptionally well as there are already existing cider manufacturing companies with higher sales. Significant amount of financial resources are required for advertisement, promotions and marketing as these will attract the target customers. On the contrary, if Frucor compromises with financial resources in this field, this might hamper the launch of their innovative product. Distributing free samples to the customers, providing coupons, using digital and internet marketing for the product, Frucor will require the above-mentioned estimated budget along with the pre-opening cost. Apart from the start-up cost, the business plan includes the average monthly expenses that includes the salary of the employees and the rent of the place that includes both the outlet of the drink and the warehouse. Based on the current demand of the customers of the New Zealand market, the estimated profit of the business for for Frucor is around 15% of the total start-up expenses. According to the market research, the present demand for healthier drinks made Frucor propose the estimated profit. However, there always prevails a chance of encountering loss for new start-up business. Frucor has emphasised on targeting the psychology of the potential customers by highlighting the healthy properties of the drink. Therefore, there are chances that Frucor remains unsuccessful in targeting the psychology of the potential customers that might incur heavy loss for their innovative business start-up plan. In such cases, Frucor needs to implement strategies to revive their loss in the start-up business. Frucor can use re-evaluation strategy to revive their loss. This will provide an opportunity for Frucor to re-evalate their situation in terms of strategy, people, customers, product, process and finance. Re-evaluation of the current situation will help Frucor in determining the actual cause of their loss thereby, planning new marketing and operational strategy for revving. Moreover, Frucor can use seven Ps of marketing mix for promoting their product that will determine success. Business Model Canvas Key Partners Distributors Food Beverage manufacturers National Food Beverage associations Customers Media Companies Manual Distribution owners Social networks Key Activities Distribution Bottling Producing Marketing Value Propositions Nutritional value of the beverages Brand Value Customer Relationships Displays and fridges Advertisement to customers Resident account developer Interactive marketing Customer Segments Young adults Adults Large retail outlet Small shops and restaurants Key Resources Product Secret recipe Bottles and crates Brand Employees Partner and Retail Network Bottling plant and Distribution Centre Channels Advertisements Global Sales Large scale distribution Manual distribution centres Cost Structure Marketing Fixed Cost Variable Cost Others Rent Logistics Employee salary Promotion and Advertising cost Packaging cost Taxes Revenue Streams Bulk Sales Retail Price The Business Canvas Model of Frucor highlights the overall key features of a business and the associated partners with it. 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